The Effect of Iso-Principal Based Music Playlists on Anxiety

Anxiety State Clinical Trial

Official title:

The Effect of Iso-Principal Based Music Playlists on Anxiety

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Not yet recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT05442099
• Other study ID #: REB2020-068ISO2
• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: August 15, 2022
• Est. completion date: August 15, 2022

Study information

• Verified date: July 2022
• Source: Ryerson University
• Contact: Adiel Mallik, PhD
• Phone: 416-979-5000
• Email: adiel.mallik[@]ryerson.ca
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Chronic anxiety is a growing psychological challenge worldwide and at pre-clinical levels, can be disabling. Some research suggests music may reduce anxiety symptoms as effectively as anti-anxiety drugs without the adverse side effects. The iso principle suggests that the effectiveness of music interventions for mood management can be maximized by commencing a session with music that matches an individual's current emotional state and then gradually moving toward their desired emotional state. Our previous work demonstrated that a playlist generated by a music recommendation system that uses the iso-principal, along with music informatics, auditory beat stimulation, and reinforcement learning can reduce somatic and cognitive anxiety. However, it is unknown whether music playlists based on the iso-principal alone can reduce anxiety. In this study, the investigators wish to examine whether music playlists (~30 min long) based on the iso-principal (neutral to calm) will reduce anxiety after anxiety induction compared to a calm music playlist. The investigators hypothesize that the iso-principal playlist will have greater state anxiety reduction compared to the calm playlist.

Description:

Chronic anxiety is a growing psychological challenge worldwide and at pre-clinical levels, can be disabling. Some research suggests music may reduce anxiety symptoms as effectively as anti-anxiety drugs without the adverse side effects. The iso principle suggests that the effectiveness of music interventions for mood management can be maximized by commencing a session with music that matches an individual's current emotional state and then gradually moving toward their desired emotional state. Our previous work demonstrated that a playlist generated by a music recommendation system that uses the iso-principal, along with music informatics, auditory beat stimulation, and reinforcement learning can reduce somatic and cognitive anxiety. However, it is unknown whether music playlists based on the iso-principal alone can reduce anxiety. In this study, the investigators wish to examine whether music playlists (~30 min long) based on the iso-principal (neutral to calm) will reduce anxiety after anxiety induction compared to a calm music playlist. The investigators hypothesize that the iso-principal playlist will have greater state anxiety reduction compared to the reverse-iso and calm playlists. Participants (n = 100) will be recruited and randomly assigned to one of three groups 1) Iso principal playlist, 2) Calm playlist. Prior to their treatment, all participants will undergo anxiety induction (recall an anxiety-provoking event, while listening to anxiety-inducing music). State anxiety (STICSA), positive and negative affect (PANAS), arousal, and valence (SAM) will be measured pre-post anxiety induction and after treatment. This work will be the first of its kind to examine whether a playlist based on the iso-principal is effective at reducing anxiety.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Enrollment: 100
• Est. completion date: August 15, 2022
• Est. primary completion date: August 15, 2022
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years to 38 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Participants who have no hearing impairments
• Participants who have no cardiac issues.
• Participants who have no history of seizures and epilepsy.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Participants who have hearing impairments
• Participants who have cardiac issues.
• Participants who have a history of seizures and epilepsy.

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Anxiety Disorders
• Anxiety State

Intervention

Behavioral:
• Iso-principle music playlist
Participants listen to the iso-principle music playlist for 30 minutes.
• Generic calm music playlist
Participants listen to the calm music playlist for 30 minutes.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
n/a

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Ryerson University

References & Publications (14)

Bados A, Gómez-Benito J, Balaguer G. The state-trait anxiety inventory, trait version: does it really measure anxiety? J Pers Assess. 2010 Nov;92(6):560-7. doi: 10.1080/00223891.2010.513295. — View Citation

Davis WB, Thaut MH. The Influence of Preferred Relaxing Music on Measures of State Anxiety, Relaxation, and Physiological Responses. Journal of Music Therapy. 1989;26(4):168-87. doi: 10.1093/jmt/26.4.168.

Gray EK, Watson, D. Assessing positive and negative affect via self-report. In: Coan JA, Allen, J.J.B., editor. Handbook of emotion elicitation and assessment. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2007.

Grös DF, Antony MM, Simms LJ, McCabe RE. Psychometric properties of the State-Trait Inventory for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety (STICSA): comparison to the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Psychol Assess. 2007 Dec;19(4):369-81. — View Citation

Heiderscheit, A., & Madson, A. (2015). Use of the Iso Principle as a Central Method in Mood Management: A Music Psychotherapy Clinical Case Study. Music Therapy Perspectives, 33(1), 45-52. doi:10.1093/mtp/miu042 %J Music Therapy Perspectives

Isik BK, Esen A, Büyükerkmen B, Kilinç A, Menziletoglu D. Effectiveness of binaural beats in reducing preoperative dental anxiety. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2017 Jul;55(6):571-574. doi: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2017.02.014. Epub 2017 Mar 18. — View Citation

Mallik A, Russo FA. The effects of music & auditory beat stimulation on anxiety: A randomized clinical trial. PLoS One. 2022 Mar 9;17(3):e0259312. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259312. eCollection 2022. — View Citation

McConnell PA, Froeliger B, Garland EL, Ives JC, Sforzo GA. Auditory driving of the autonomic nervous system: Listening to theta-frequency binaural beats post-exercise increases parasympathetic activation and sympathetic withdrawal. Front Psychol. 2014 Nov 14;5:1248. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01248. eCollection 2014. — View Citation

Padmanabhan R, Hildreth AJ, Laws D. A prospective, randomised, controlled study examining binaural beat audio and pre-operative anxiety in patients undergoing general anaesthesia for day case surgery. Anaesthesia. 2005 Sep;60(9):874-7. — View Citation

Phillips SP, Yu J. Is anxiety/depression increasing among 5-25 year-olds? A cross-sectional prevalence study in Ontario, Canada, 1997-2017. J Affect Disord. 2021 Mar 1;282:141-146. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.178. Epub 2020 Dec 30. — View Citation

Starcke K, Mayr J, von Georgi R. Emotion Modulation through Music after Sadness Induction-The Iso Principle in a Controlled Experimental Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Nov 26;18(23). pii: 12486. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182312486. — View Citation

Wahbeh H, Calabrese C, Zwickey H. Binaural beat technology in humans: a pilot study to assess psychologic and physiologic effects. J Altern Complement Med. 2007 Jan-Feb;13(1):25-32. — View Citation

Watson D, Clark LA, Tellegen A. Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1988 Jun;54(6):1063-70. — View Citation

Yusim A, Grigaitis J. Efficacy of Binaural Beat Meditation Technology for Treating Anxiety Symptoms: A Pilot Study. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2020 Feb;208(2):155-160. doi: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001070. — View Citation

* Note: There are 14 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Anxiety: State Trait Inventory for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety (STICSA)	The STICSA has good reliability and validity as a measure of state and trait cognitive and somatic anxiety (Bados et al. 2010, Gros et al. 2007). The minimum score is 10 and the maximum is 40. Higher scores indicate higher anxiety (worse outcome). But in this study the post-intervention anxiety score is subtracted from the pre-intervention anxiety score, giving a measure of anxiety reduction. In the case of this anxiety reduction measure, higher anxiety reduction scores would indicate a better outcome.	30 minutes
Secondary	Mood: Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS)	The PANAS has good reliability and validity and has been widely used in many studies to assess mood (Gray, 2007; Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988). This scale generates two scores: 1) Positive affect (higher score indicates a better outcome), scores range from 10-50. 2) Negative affect (higher score indicates worse outcome), scores range from 10-50.	30 minutes