Anesthesia Clinical Trial
Official title:
Effects of End Tidal Carbon Dioxide Concentration on Depth of Anesthesia in Children Undergoing Total Intravenous Anesthesia
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is a by-product of metabolism and is removed from the body when we breathe out. High levels of CO2 can affect the nervous system and cause us to be sleepy or sedated. Research suggests that high levels of CO2 may benefit patients who are asleep under anesthesia, such as by reducing infection rates, nausea, or recovery from anesthesia . CO2 may also reduce pain signals or the medication required to keep patients asleep during anesthesia; this has not been researched in children. During general anesthesia, anesthesiologists keep patients asleep with anesthetic gases or by giving medications into a vein. These drugs can depress breathing; therefore, an anesthesiologist will control breathing (ventilation) with an artificial airway such as an endotracheal tube. Changes in ventilation can alter the amount of CO2 removed from the body. The anesthesiologist may also monitor a patient's level of consciousness using a 'Depth of Anesthesia Monitor' such as the Bispectral Index (BIS), which analyzes a patient's brain activity and generates a number to tell the anesthesiologist how asleep they are. The investigator's study will test if different levels of CO2 during intravenous anesthesia are linked with different levels of sedation or sleepiness in children, as measured by BIS. If so, this could reduce the amount of anesthetic medication the child receives. Other benefits may be decreased medication costs, fewer side effects, and a positive environmental impact by using less disposable anesthesia equipment.
Status | Not yet recruiting |
Enrollment | 100 |
Est. completion date | December 31, 2024 |
Est. primary completion date | December 31, 2024 |
Accepts healthy volunteers | Accepts Healthy Volunteers |
Gender | All |
Age group | 3 Years to 11 Years |
Eligibility | Inclusion Criteria: - Children aged 3 - 11 years undergoing non- or minimally-stimulating elective procedures, defined as anesthesia without skin incision or painful manipulation (e.g., non-invasive imaging, auditory brainstem response testing), middle ear surgery, surgery with effective local or regional anesthesia before surgical incision (e.g dental procedures with local anesthetic infiltration, urology with regional block). - American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I and II - TIVA technique appropriate throughout induction and maintenance of anesthesia - Controlled ventilation via endotracheal tube - Anticipated surgical time = 90 minutes: to allow time for anesthetic induction and subsequent testing and washout periods at all three EtCO2 levels. Exclusion Criteria: - Need for inhalational induction of anesthesia - Sedative premedication - Use of ketamine intraoperatively - Unable to place BIS electrodes due to surgical site or other contraindications (e.g., MRI) - Allergy to study drugs (propofol, remifentanil, lidocaine) - Depression of conscious level for any reason - BMI <5th or >95th centile for age - History of obstructive or central sleep apnea - Known or suspected raised intracranial pressure - Recent or historical traumatic brain injury |
Country | Name | City | State |
---|---|---|---|
n/a |
Lead Sponsor | Collaborator |
---|---|
University of British Columbia |
Akca O, Liem E, Suleman MI, Doufas AG, Galandiuk S, Sessler DI. Effect of intra-operative end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure on tissue oxygenation. Anaesthesia. 2003 Jun;58(6):536-42. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2044.2003.03193.x. — View Citation
Biallas R, Rusch D, de Decker W, Wulf H, Siebrecht D, Scholz J. [Prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in children undergoing strabismus surgery. Sevoflurane/N2O plus dimenhydrinate vs.propofol/remifentanil plus dimenhydrinate]. Anaesthesist. 2003 Jul;52(7):586-95. doi: 10.1007/s00101-003-0516-9. Epub 2003 Jun 18. German. — View Citation
Chandler JR, Myers D, Mehta D, Whyte E, Groberman MK, Montgomery CJ, Ansermino JM. Emergence delirium in children: a randomized trial to compare total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil to inhalational sevoflurane anesthesia. Paediatr Anaesth. 2013 Apr;23(4):309-15. doi: 10.1111/pan.12090. — View Citation
Davidson A, Skowno J. Neuromonitoring in paediatric anaesthesia. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2019 Jun;32(3):370-376. doi: 10.1097/ACO.0000000000000732. — View Citation
Eisele JH, Eger EI 2nd, Muallem M. Narcotic properties of carbon dioxide in the dog. Anesthesiology. 1967 Sep-Oct;28(5):856-65. doi: 10.1097/00000542-196709000-00019. No abstract available. — View Citation
Fukuda T, Hisano S, Toyooka H. Moderate hypercapnia-induced anesthetic effects and endogenous opioids. Neurosci Lett. 2006 Jul 31;403(1-2):20-3. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2006.04.026. Epub 2006 May 15. — View Citation
Gronroos M, Pertovaara A. A selective suppression of human pain sensitivity by carbon dioxide: central mechanisms implicated. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1994;68(1):74-9. doi: 10.1007/BF00599245. — View Citation
Habre W, Disma N, Virag K, Becke K, Hansen TG, Johr M, Leva B, Morton NS, Vermeulen PM, Zielinska M, Boda K, Veyckemans F; APRICOT Group of the European Society of Anaesthesiology Clinical Trial Network. Incidence of severe critical events in paediatric anaesthesia (APRICOT): a prospective multicentre observational study in 261 hospitals in Europe. Lancet Respir Med. 2017 May;5(5):412-425. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(17)30116-9. Epub 2017 Mar 28. Erratum In: Lancet Respir Med. 2017 May;5(5):e19. Lancet Respir Med. 2017 Jun;5(6):e22. — View Citation
Jeleazcov C, Ihmsen H, Schmidt J, Ammon C, Schwilden H, Schuttler J, Fechner J. Pharmacodynamic modelling of the bispectral index response to propofol-based anaesthesia during general surgery in children. Br J Anaesth. 2008 Apr;100(4):509-16. doi: 10.1093/bja/aem408. Epub 2008 Feb 12. — View Citation
Katznelson R, Djaiani G, Naughton F, Wasowicz M, Ragoonanan T, Duffin J, Fedorko L, Murphy J, Fisher JA. Post-operative hypercapnia-induced hyperpnoea accelerates recovery from sevoflurane anaesthesia: a prospective randomised controlled trial. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2013 May;57(5):623-30. doi: 10.1111/aas.12093. Epub 2013 Mar 3. — View Citation
Leake CD, Waters RM. Leake CD, Waters RM (1928) The anaesthetic properties of carbon dioxide. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 33:280-281. In.
Louvet N, Rigouzzo A, Sabourdin N, Constant I. Bispectral index under propofol anesthesia in children: a comparative randomized study between TIVA and TCI. Paediatr Anaesth. 2016 Sep;26(9):899-908. doi: 10.1111/pan.12957. — View Citation
Marchant N, Sanders R, Sleigh J, Vanhaudenhuyse A, Bruno MA, Brichant JF, Laureys S, Bonhomme V. How electroencephalography serves the anesthesiologist. Clin EEG Neurosci. 2014 Jan;45(1):22-32. doi: 10.1177/1550059413509801. Epub 2014 Jan 10. — View Citation
McFarlan CS, Anderson BJ, Short TG. The use of propofol infusions in paediatric anaesthesia: a practical guide. Paediatr Anaesth. 1999;9(3):209-16. — View Citation
Narayanan H, Raistrick C, Tom Pierce JM, Shelton C. Carbon footprint of inhalational and total intravenous anaesthesia for paediatric anaesthesia: a modelling study. Br J Anaesth. 2022 Aug;129(2):231-243. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2022.04.022. Epub 2022 Jun 18. — View Citation
Rigouzzo A, Girault L, Louvet N, Servin F, De-Smet T, Piat V, Seeman R, Murat I, Constant I. The relationship between bispectral index and propofol during target-controlled infusion anesthesia: a comparative study between children and young adults. Anesth Analg. 2008 Apr;106(4):1109-16, table of contents. doi: 10.1213/ane.0b013e318164f388. — View Citation
Rigouzzo A, Khoy-Ear L, Laude D, Louvet N, Moutard ML, Sabourdin N, Constant I. EEG profiles during general anesthesia in children: A comparative study between sevoflurane and propofol. Paediatr Anaesth. 2019 Mar;29(3):250-257. doi: 10.1111/pan.13579. Epub 2019 Feb 12. — View Citation
Saghaei M, Matin G, Golparvar M. Effects of intra-operative end-tidal carbon dioxide levels on the rates of post-operative complications in adults undergoing general anesthesia for percutaneous nephrolithotomy: A clinical trial. Adv Biomed Res. 2014 Feb 28;3:84. doi: 10.4103/2277-9175.127997. eCollection 2014. — View Citation
Wang F, Zhang J, Yu J, Tian M, Cui X, Wu A. Variation of bispectral index in children aged 1-12 years under propofol anesthesia: an observational study. BMC Anesthesiol. 2019 Aug 7;19(1):145. doi: 10.1186/s12871-019-0815-6. — View Citation
Whitesell R, Asiddao C, Gollman D, Jablonski J. Relationship between arterial and peak expired carbon dioxide pressure during anesthesia and factors influencing the difference. Anesth Analg. 1981 Jul;60(7):508-12. — View Citation
WOODBURY DM, KARLER R. The role of carbon dioxide in the nervous system. Anesthesiology. 1960 Nov-Dec;21:686-703. doi: 10.1097/00000542-196011000-00012. No abstract available. — View Citation
Wu Z, Yu J, Zhang T, Tan H, Li H, Xie L, Lin W, Shen D, Cao L. Effects of Etco2 on the Minimum Alveolar Concentration of Sevoflurane that Blunts the Adrenergic Response to Surgical Incision: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blinded Trial. Anesth Analg. 2022 Jul 1;135(1):62-70. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000005784. Epub 2022 Jun 16. — View Citation
Yamaguchi J, Kinoshita K, Hosokawa T, Ihara S. "The eyes are the windows of the soul": Portable automated pupillometry to monitor autonomic nervous activity in CO2 narcosis: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 May 12;102(19):e33768. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000033768. — View Citation
* Note: There are 23 references in all — Click here to view all references
Type | Measure | Description | Time frame | Safety issue |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | To determine the effect of end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration (EtCO2) on the depth of anesthesia in children, as measured by BIS. | The investigator's study aims to determine whether differing levels of CO2 affect the anesthetic depth in anesthetized children, as measured by BIS. The investigators will determine a significant change in BIS to be at least a 5 point difference. Patients will act 'as their own controls', and be tested across three ETCO2 levels in a randomized order. | Continually assessed throughout the general anesthetic, approximately 1.5-2 hours | |
Secondary | Patient movement as detected clinically by the surgical or anesthetic team. | Clinical indicators of inadequate aesthetic depth, to be recorded on data collection team if observed by any member of the clinical team. | Continually assessed throughout the general anesthetic, approximately 1.5-2 hours |
Status | Clinical Trial | Phase | |
---|---|---|---|
Active, not recruiting |
NCT04580030 -
Tricuapid Annular Plane Sistolic Excursion Before General Anesthesia Can Predict Hypotension After Induction
|
||
Active, not recruiting |
NCT04279054 -
Decreased Neuraxial Morphine After Cesarean Delivery
|
Early Phase 1 | |
Completed |
NCT03640442 -
Modified Ramped Position for Intubation of Obese Females.
|
N/A | |
Recruiting |
NCT04099693 -
A Prospective Randomized Study of General Anesthesia Versus Anesthetist Administered Sedation for ERCP
|
||
Terminated |
NCT02481999 -
Pre- and Postoperative EEG-Monitoring for Children Aged From 0,5 to 8 Years
|
||
Completed |
NCT04235894 -
An Observer Rating Scale of Facial Expression Can Predict Dreaming in Propofol Anesthesia
|
||
Recruiting |
NCT05525104 -
The Effect of DSA on Recovery of Anaesthesia in Children (Het Effect Van DSA op Het Herstel na Anesthesie Bij Kinderen).
|
N/A | |
Recruiting |
NCT05024084 -
Desflurane and Sevoflurane Minimal Flow Anesthesia on Recovery and Anesthetic Depth
|
Phase 4 | |
Completed |
NCT04204785 -
Noise in the OR at Induction: Patient and Anesthesiologists Perceptions
|
N/A | |
Completed |
NCT03277872 -
NoL, HR and MABP Responses to Tracheal Intubation Performed With MAC Blade Versus Glidescope
|
N/A | |
Terminated |
NCT03940651 -
Cardiac and Renal Biomarkers in Arthroplasty Surgery
|
Phase 4 | |
Terminated |
NCT02529696 -
Measuring Sedation in the Intensive Care Unit Using Wireless Accelerometers
|
||
Completed |
NCT05346588 -
THRIVE Feasibility Trial
|
Phase 3 | |
Terminated |
NCT03704285 -
Development of pk/pd Model of Propofol in Patients With Severe Burns
|
||
Recruiting |
NCT05259787 -
EP Intravenous Anesthesia in Hysteroscopy
|
Phase 4 | |
Completed |
NCT02894996 -
Does the Response to a Mini-fluid Challenge of 3ml/kg in 2 Minutes Predict Fluid Responsiveness for Pediatric Patient?
|
N/A | |
Completed |
NCT05386082 -
Anesthesia Core Quality Metrics Consensus Delphi Study
|
||
Terminated |
NCT03567928 -
Laryngeal Mask in Upper Gastrointestinal Procedures
|
N/A | |
Recruiting |
NCT06074471 -
Motor Sparing Supraclavicular Block
|
N/A | |
Completed |
NCT04163848 -
CARbon Impact of aNesthesic Gas
|