Multimodal Opioid-free Anesthesia Versus Opioid-based Anesthesia for Patients Undergoing Cardiac Valve Surgeries: RCT

Anesthesia Clinical Trial

Official title:

Multimodal Opioid-free Anesthesia Versus Opioid-based Anesthesia for Patients Undergoing Cardiac Valve Surgeries: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT04648540
• Other study ID #: MD-242-2019
• Status: Completed
• Phase: Early Phase 1
• Start date: December 1, 2020
• Est. completion date: October 1, 2022

Study information

• Verified date: August 2023
• Source: Cairo University
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Several studies demonstrated the effectiveness of OFA in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Preoperative use of Cox inhibitors, GABA analogues and acetaminophen have been shown to decrease use of opioids postoperatively . Intraoperative use of agents that lead to opioid sparing effects via sodium channel blockade, blockade of G protein-coupled receptors, NMDA blockade, central alpha-2 agonists and anti-inflammatory effects can make opioid-free anesthesia (OFA) possible. On the other hand, there have been no studies demonstrating the effectiveness of an OFA technique in patients undergoing cardiac surgery except for two case reports who successfully implemented the OFA regimen in two patients undergoing valve replacement surgeries. The investigators therefore propose this prospective randomized controlled trial to investigate whether a multimodal opioid-free anesthesia regimen will be suitable as an alternative to conventional opioid-based regimen in patients undergoing valve surgery

Description:

High-dose opioid anesthesia during cardiac surgery has been the mainstay of cardiac anesthesia for decades due to its ability to preserve hemodynamic stability and attenuate hormonal and metabolic response to surgical stress (1) . However, large doses of long-acting opioids required patients to be ventilated post-operatively for 12-24 h. Modifications in these practices have been dictated by the increasing cost, complications of prolonged mechanical ventilation, and the changes in demographics of patients presenting for cardiac surgery (2) . Moreover, the intraoperative use of large bolus doses or continuous infusions of potent opioids may be associated with postoperative hyperalgesia and tolerance (3). When it comes to ambulatory surgery, opioid related side effects, such as postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), prolonged sedation, ileus and urinary retention may delay recovery and discharge or cause unanticipated hospital readmission (4) . Such complications might, at least in part, also apply to cardiac anesthesia.

Recent evidence suggests that increased total dose of opioids during cardiac surgery may lead to increased in-hospital, as well as long-term post-operative pain medication requirements for up to one year (5). Moreover, according to Hirji et al study , ongoing opioid use three months after CABG was present in 21.7% of opioid-exposed patients versus 3.2% of opioid-naive patients (6). In addition, Opioids have many known side effects such as somnolence, brainstem and respiratory depression , and chronic opioid dependence (7-9), and there is a national trend to decrease opioid use during non-cardiac surgery to promote faster recovery and decrease narcotic use post-operatively (1) .

Several studies demonstrated the effectiveness of Opioid-free Anesthesia (OFA) in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery(4,10,11). Preoperative use of COX inhibitors, GABA analogues and acetaminophen have been shown to decrease use of opioids postoperatively(10). Intraoperative use of agents that lead to opioid sparing effects via sodium channel blockade, blockade of G protein-coupled receptors, NMDA blockade, central alpha-2 agonists and anti-inflammatory effects can make opioid-free anesthesia (OFA) possible (12,13). On the other hand, there have been no studies demonstrating the effectiveness of an OFA technique in patients undergoing cardiac surgery except for two case reports who successfully implemented the OFA regimen in two patients undergoing valve replacement surgeries (14,15). The investigators therefore propose this prospective randomized controlled trial to investigate whether a multimodal opioid-free anesthesia regimen will be suitable as an alternative to conventional opioid-based regimen in patients undergoing valve surgery.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 60
• Est. completion date: October 1, 2022
• Est. primary completion date: August 1, 2022
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years to 80 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patients undergoing cardiac valve surgeries ( replacement or repair ) .

2. Age (18-80) years

3. Both sexes

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patient refusal

• Known allergy to any of the medications used in the study

• Combined valve and CABG surgeries

• Redo surgery

• Infective endocarditis

• Patients in heart failure or heart block or with significant systolic dysfunction (EF < 40%) or diastolic dysfunction more than grade II

• Pregnant females

• Patients being treated for chronic pain or with recent use (< two weeks) of opioids, gabapentin, or pregabalin.

• Substance abuse

• Patients with renal impairment (creatinine > 2 mg/dL) or hepatic impairment (ALT > 2 folds, INR > 1.5 and/or serum albumin < 2.5 g/dl)

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Anesthesia

Intervention

Drug:
• Dexmedetomidine 0.5 mic/kg/h
In Group I (OFA) the following drugs will be administered preoperatively: Acetaminophen 1 gm and Ketorolac 30 mg in 100 mL i.v. over 10 minutes Dexmedetomidine loading dose of 0.5 mic/kg i.v. over 10 minutes Lidocaine loading dose of 1.5 mg/kg i.v. over 10 minutes The following drugs will be administered as a continuous infusion throughout the operation: Dexmedetomidine 0.5 mic/kg/h Lidocaine 0.5 mg/kg/h The following drugs will be administered postoperatively: Acetaminophen 1 gm/6h ketorolac 30 mg/8h Pregabalin 150 mg once at night Celecoxib 200 mg/24 hours
• Fentanyl 1 mic/kg/hr
In Group II (OA) patients will receive a continuous infusion of Fentanyl (1 mic/kg/h) Morphine 0.1 mg/kg PRN will be administered every 8 hours for postoperative analgesia

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Egypt	Kasr Al Ainy School of Medicine Cairo University	Cairo

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Cairo University

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Egypt, 

References & Publications (14)

Alam A, Juurlink DN. The prescription opioid epidemic: an overview for anesthesiologists. Can J Anaesth. 2016 Jan;63(1):61-8. doi: 10.1007/s12630-015-0520-y. Epub 2015 Oct 27. — View Citation

Angst MS, Clark JD. Opioid-induced hyperalgesia: a qualitative systematic review. Anesthesiology. 2006 Mar;104(3):570-87. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200603000-00025. — View Citation

Bakan M, Umutoglu T, Topuz U, Uysal H, Bayram M, Kadioglu H, Salihoglu Z. Opioid-free total intravenous anesthesia with propofol, dexmedetomidine and lidocaine infusions for laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective, randomized, double-blinded study. Braz J Anesthesiol. 2015 May-Jun;65(3):191-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bjane.2014.05.001. Epub 2014 Jun 3. — View Citation

Cardinale JP, Gilly G. Opiate-Free Tricuspid Valve Replacement: Case Report. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2018 Dec;22(4):407-413. doi: 10.1177/1089253218771342. Epub 2018 Apr 20. — View Citation

Hirji SA, Landino S, Cote C, Lee J, Orhurhu V, Shah RM, McGurk S, Kaneko T, Shekar P, Pelletier MP. Chronic opioid use after coronary bypass surgery. J Card Surg. 2019 Feb;34(2):67-73. doi: 10.1111/jocs.13981. Epub 2019 Jan 9. — View Citation

James MF. Magnesium: an emerging drug in anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth. 2009 Oct;103(4):465-7. doi: 10.1093/bja/aep242. No abstract available. — View Citation

Landry E, Burns S, Pelletier MP, Muehlschlegel JD. A Successful Opioid-Free Anesthetic in a Patient Undergoing Cardiac Surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2019 Sep;33(9):2517-2520. doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2018.11.040. Epub 2018 Nov 28. No abstract available. — View Citation

Lavand'homme P, Steyaert A. Opioid-free anesthesia opioid side effects: Tolerance and hyperalgesia. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2017 Dec;31(4):487-498. doi: 10.1016/j.bpa.2017.05.003. Epub 2017 May 17. — View Citation

Macintyre PE, Walker SM. The scientific evidence for acute pain treatment. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2010 Oct;23(5):623-8. doi: 10.1097/ACO.0b013e32833c33ed. — View Citation

McCarthy GC, Megalla SA, Habib AS. Impact of intravenous lidocaine infusion on postoperative analgesia and recovery from surgery: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Drugs. 2010 Jun 18;70(9):1149-63. doi: 10.2165/10898560-000000000-00000. — View Citation

Rong LQ, Kamel MK, Rahouma M, Naik A, Mehta K, Abouarab AA, Di Franco A, Demetres M, Mustapich TL, Fitzgerald MM, Pryor KO, Gaudino M. High-dose versus low-dose opioid anesthesia in adult cardiac surgery: A meta-analysis. J Clin Anesth. 2019 Nov;57:57-62. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2019.03.009. Epub 2019 Mar 11. — View Citation

Salah M, Hosny H, Salah M, Saad H. Impact of immediate versus delayed tracheal extubation on length of ICU stay of cardiac surgical patients, a randomized trial. Heart Lung Vessel. 2015;7(4):311-9. — View Citation

van Gulik L, Ahlers SJ, van de Garde EM, Bruins P, van Boven WJ, Tibboel D, van Dongen EP, Knibbe CA. Remifentanil during cardiac surgery is associated with chronic thoracic pain 1 yr after sternotomy. Br J Anaesth. 2012 Oct;109(4):616-22. doi: 10.1093/bja/aes247. Epub 2012 Jul 24. — View Citation

Wong WT, Lai VK, Chee YE, Lee A. Fast-track cardiac care for adult cardiac surgical patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Sep 12;9(9):CD003587. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003587.pub3. — View Citation

* Note: There are 14 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Extubation time (min)	Extubation time, defined as the time from discontinuation of inhalation agents to extubation	24 hours
Secondary	Heart rate (beats/min)	HR; o Arterial blood pressure (systolic, diastolic, and mean)	24 hours
Secondary	Blood pressure (mm Hg)	Systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure	24 hours
Secondary	Postoperative rescue analgesia (number)	The number of patients requiring rescue analgesia with Morphine	24
Secondary	Postoperative morphine consumption (mg)	The total dose of morphine administered	24 hours