View clinical trials related to Adiposity.
Filter by:Children born to obese women are at risk of increased adiposity and later adverse metabolic outcomes. We have conducted a follow-up study on an existing clinical trial, called the LiP study (Lifestyle in Pregnancy), registration number NCT00530439,in which 360 obese pregnant women were randomized to either lifestyle intervention or routine obstetric care. This present study follows the children until 3 years of age. We have the hypothesis, that the intervention during pregnancy results in a lower degree of adiposity and metabolic risk factors in the offspring. Clinical examination is taking place at age 2.5-3 years including anthropometric measurements, Dual energy x-ray (DXA) scans and blood samples measuring metabolic markers.
The broad aim of the study is to obtain a better understanding of alterations in mesolimbic reward pathways in adiposity based on the hypothesis of a hypofunctioning reward system in obesity. This will be achieved by integrating a functional neuroimaging (fMRI) with behavioral reward tasks and the modulation of the dopamine level by dopamine depletion.
The project will specifically focus on the examination of the influence of substantial weight loss due to bariatric surgery on brain functions. Our hypothesis is that substantial weight loss after Bariatric Surgery (BS) is also accompanied by changes in the balance of reward and inhibitory networks in diabetic subjects. Therefore the investigators will conduct a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigating functional measures.
Metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes are modern day epidemics. Early life exposure to an adverse developmental environment, including environmental toxins, are linked to increased susceptibility to obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Although the mechanisms underlying the fetal origins of metabolic disease are poorly understood, strong evidence suggests that alterations in the epigenome play a critical role in this process. The central hypothesis of this proposal is that intrauterine exposure to benzo[a]pyrene leads to epigenetic changes which will have functional consequences and may be a marker for, or may contribute to, increased susceptibility to adverse outcomes in childhood including increased adiposity and the subsequent development of obesity, metabolic syndrome or diabetes. The goals of this proposal are to: 1) determine benzo[a]pyrene levels in umbilical cord blood of newborns, 2) determine whether benzo[a]pyrene exposure during pregnancy correlates with early onset of obesity and metabolic disease by examining the children at 12 and 24 months of age, 3) determine whether in utero benzo[a]pyrene exposure programs metabolic disease through alterations in DNA methylation and gene expression, and 4) determine the plasticity of the DNA methylation patterns in the same offspring at 12 months of age. The long-term goal of this project is to define biomarkers that identify neonates at "high-risk" for diminished attainment of full health potential, who can then be targeted for preventative measures.
The VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL; NCT 01169259) is a randomized clinical trial in 20,000 U.S. men and women investigating whether taking daily dietary supplements of vitamin D3 (2000 IU) or omega-3 fatty acids (1 gram of omega-3 fatty acids) reduces the risk of developing cancer, heart disease, and stroke in people who do not have a prior history of these illnesses. This ancillary study (VITAL Adiposity) is being conducted among participants in VITAL and will examine the effect of vitamin D or fish oil on changes in body composition and adiposity (baseline compared to 2 year, as measured by anthropometric indices, total and regional body fat and adipokines) and assess whether changes in cardiovascular risk factors (lipids, glucose tolerance, blood pressure) are mediated by these parameters. How achieved 25(OH)D levels are affected by body composition and body mass will also be assessed.
In order to address this crucial question, central to preterm newborn care, a multicentre United Kingdom (UK) -wide study randomising 4000 preterm babies would be necessary to achieve sufficient power to evaluate the impact on the short-term outcomes necrotising enterocolitis and bloodstream infection, and establish cohorts large enough to address long-term metabolic (such as obesity, type 2 diabetes), cardiovascular (such as blood pressure) and developmental outcomes. This pilot trial will evaluate the practicability and feasibility of such a large multicentre UK randomised controlled trial. In addition to evaluating feasibility and to ensure maximal use of resources allocated, this study will also assess outcomes that are indicative of long term metabolic health.
Cryolipolysis with Zeltiq CoolSculpting device is a novel method of non-invasive fat removal. The technique works by application of cold plates to the skin surface for a single cooling cycle lasting 60 minutes, after which a cold-induced inflammatory panniculitis leads to selective loss of fat. There is no histologic evidence of necrotic or inflammatory damage to skin or nerves, however a single small human study has reported prolonged temporary altered sensation (hypoesthesia) in the area of cryolipolysis procedure. This hypoesthesia seen in about 2/3 of patients, is completely reversible, lasts up to 8 weeks after treatment, and suggests that cooling under these conditions can temporarily alter sensory nerve function. The purpose of this study is to further characterize the reversible cutaneous sensory function alteration after cryolipolysis with Zeltiq CoolSculpting device. Using multiple modalities of sensory nerve function we hope to elucidate the details of cryolipolysis induced sensory nerve alteration.
Although instruments such as pedometers and heart rate monitors are helpful for those who use exercise to maintain their weight, they do not actually measure calories expended, which is a critical piece of information necessary for sustained weight management. The purpose of this study is to determine the accuracy of a new device that measures calories burned based upon heat produced by the body. Since heat production is directly proportional to calories burned, this device has the potential to accurately measure energy expended in many different settings.