View clinical trials related to ADHD.
Filter by:Whereas the smoking prevalence rates in the general population are declining, rates among people diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) continue to be elevated. Smoking may be a form of self-medication in people with ADHD, which has specific reinforcing mechanisms such as improvement of ADHD core symptoms, enhancement of moods and arousal, or a combination of both. In addition, the reinforcing effects of smoking may be potentiated by stimulant medication. The study examined the reinforcing effects of ad libitum smoking with and without ADHD medication in adult smokers with clinically diagnosed ADHD. Participants were adults with ADHD. The effects of two day of ADHD medication compared to two days on placebo for were studied on nicotine intake (i.e., cotinine levels). In addition, task performance on the Continuous Performance Task and nicotine withdrawal symptoms were examined in response to ADHD medication + smoking a cigarette versus ADHD medication + abstinence versus placebo medication + smoking versus placebo medication + abstinence. The study identified the reinforcing mechanisms of smoking in interaction with ADHD medication. The findings will contribute to a better understanding of nicotine addiction and facilitate the development of targeted smoking cessation and prevention programs for individuals with ADHD and other people with deficiencies in impulse control and excessive risk taking.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity that are frequently treated with stimulant medications such as Ritalin. Many people with ADHD smoke. The smoking prevalence rates are estimated to be 40% in adults with ADHD compared to 20% in the general population. People with ADHD have also more difficulty to quit smoking. Only 29% of smokers with ADHD quit smoking compared to 48.5% of smokers in the general population. Nicotine is a stimulant, which may have properties similar to stimulant medications (e.g., Ritalin) used to treat ADHD. Nicotine may increase attention and reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity and, thus, may regulate behavior in individuals with ADHD. Alleviating the symptoms of ADHD and increasing cardiovascular activity through smoking may mimic the effects of stimulant medications and can be a form of self-medication. The major objective of the study was to examine the effects of nicotine on ADHD symptoms, moods, and cardiovascular activity. The study investigated the effects of nicotine patches on behavioral regulation in adult smokers and nonsmokers with ADHD. Smokers and nonsmokers with ADHD participated in two conditions: (1) nicotine patch and (2) placebo patch. During each condition, symptoms, moods, and side effects were assessed for 2 days during waking hours. An electronic handheld diary, programmed to prompt the participant twice per hour, recorded ADHD symptoms (e.g., difficulty concentrating, impulsivity, etc.), negative moods (e.g., anger, stress), and nicotine side effects (nausea, dizziness). Heart rate and blood pressure were recorded with lightweight ambulatory monitors to indicate cardiovascular activity. Results provided information about the effects of nicotine patches on behavioral regulation in adult smokers and nonsmokers with ADHD. The inclusion of nonsmokers was important to clarify whether the effects of nicotine on smokers was due to smoking withdrawal. The findings help explain the increased smoking prevalence rates and reduced quit rates associated with ADHD. Knowledge about nicotine's effects on behavioral regulation can help to develop successful smoking cessation programs for individuals with ADHD. The findings on cardiovascular activity may help determine the potential risk for cardiovascular disease in smokers and nonsmokers with ADHD. The study contributed to understanding nicotine's effects on behavioral regulation in a highly vulnerable population such as people with ADHD.
The purpose of this study is to see if supplementing calories with Pediasure is effective in maintaining height, weight, and BMI percentiles for young children during 2 years of treatment with ADHD medication.
This study will evaluate the safety and effectiveness of methylphenidate in treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children with both ADHD and trichotillomania. Trichotillomania is an impulse control disorder. There is growing evidences of the involvement of dopaminergic neurotransmission in the pathophysiology of trichotillomania. Reported increase in the prevalence of ADHD among patients with impulse control disorders, such as pathological gambling as well as trichotillomania, may result from the overlapping pathophisiological background. It is hypothesized that in cases of ADHD comorbid with trichotillomania methtylphenidate treatment will exhibit beneficial effects in both the ADHD and the hair pulling.
The primary research objective of this observational study is to evaluate treatment compliance over one year in children and adolescents who are newly initiated on medication approved for the treatment of ADHD in a routine clinical setting. Compliance will be assessed using the Pediatric Compliance Self-Rating (PCSR) Instrument. A patient will be considered as compliant at a given visit, if the PCSR score is at least 5, corresponding to taking the medication at least often.
Assess the safety and efficacy of ADDERALL XR compared to placebo in the treatment of adolescents (aged 13-17) with ADHD. Subjects were assigned to one of two cohorts based on weight (<= 75 kg or > 75 kg).
Evaluate the behavioral effects of ADDERALL XR versus STRATTERA under controlled conditions utilizing the SKAMP deportment scale.
To evaluate the long-term, safety of Methylphenidate Transdermal System (MTS) in aged 13-17 years diagnosed withADHD
The primary objective of this study is to assess the time of onset of Vyvanse compared to placebo, in the analog classroom as measured by the Swanson, Kotkin, Agler, M. Flynn and Pelham (SKAMP) deportment scale in children (aged 6-12) diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
To assess the efficacy and safety of efficacy of MTS compared to placebo