Comparison of the Efficacy of Shotblocker and Acupressure in Reducing Pain Due to Intramuscular Injection

Acute Pain Clinical Trial

Official title:

Comparison of the Efficacy of Shotblocker and Acupressure in Reducing Pain Due to Intramuscular Injection in the Emergency Department: A Single-Blind, Randomized Controlled Study

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Not yet recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT05456945
• Other study ID #: tulay23
• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: July 20, 2022
• Est. completion date: October 30, 2022

Study information

• Verified date: July 2022
• Source: Ataturk University
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Various non-pharmacological approaches are used in the relief of pain caused by intramuscular injection. Shotblocher and acupressure, which are among these methods, are easy to apply.More evidence-based studies are needed to fully understand the effectiveness of acupressure an d shotblocher in reducing pain associated with intramuscular injection.This study will be conducted to compare the effectiveness of shotblocker and acupressure in reducing pain associated with intramuscular injection in the emergency department.

Description:

Intramuscular injection is a nursing practice that is frequently used in clinical practice. If intramuscular injection is not performed with correct and appropriate methods, it can cause serious complications. These complications include pain, cellulitis, muscle fibrosis and contracture, sterile abscesses, tissue necrosis, granuloma, intravascular injection, hematoma, and nerve injuries. Although it has healing and therapeutic properties, intramuscular injection can cause pain and discomfort in the patient. Intramuscular injection pain develops due to the mechanical trauma caused by the needle entry and the sudden pressure created when the drug is injected into the muscle. Nurses play an active role in eliminating or reducing the pain that occurs in this process. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods are used to reduce pain associated with intramuscular injection. Topical anesthetics, one of the pharmacological methods, are limited in use in emergency services due to their slow analgesic effects, risk of systemic toxicity and local side effects. There are various non-pharmacological methods applied to control pain caused by injection. One of the non-pharmacological methods applied to reduce the pain experienced during intramuscular injection is Shotblocker application. It is reported that ShotBlocker reduces pain by temporarily blocking the peripheral nerve endings by preventing the perception of pain and its transmission to the central nervous system. Another method used to reduce pain due to injection is acupressure. Experimental and clinical evidence suggests that acupressure may relieve pain and promote relaxation. In addition, this non-invasive application involves minimal risk and can be easily integrated into the application. Acupressure points such as UB31, UB32, UB33 and UB34 are stated to be beneficial for low back pain, hernia, dysmenorrhea, dysuria, pain. Of these, UB32 and UB31 are clinically frequently used acupressure points. In this study, the UB32 acupressure point will be used to reduce the pain associated with multiple injections.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Enrollment: 120
• Est. completion date: October 30, 2022
• Est. primary completion date: September 30, 2022
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Those who are admitted to the emergency room for the administration of prescription drugs or those who are planned to be injected intramuscularly by the emergency room physician
• Diclofenac sodium (75 mg/3 ml) was ordered to the patient in the emergency department.
• 18 years and older
• Patients who have not had an injection in the same area in the last 2 week
• Having no problems with vision and hearing
• Does not have a disease that can cause loss of sensation and sensory loss
• Open to communication and cooperation
• Patients willing to participate in the study will be included in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Those who apply to the emergency department with complaints of anxiety or trauma (soft tissue traumas, multiple traumas due to traffic accidents or falls, or bone fractures),
• Those who experience a change in consciousness,
• Patients with clinical conditions that require urgent intervention,
• Infection at the injection site

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Acupressure
• Acute Pain
• Alternative Medicine
• Injection

Intervention

Other:
• acupressure application
Acupressure will be applied to the UB32 point

Device:
• Shotblocher
Shotblocher will be administered during injection

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
n/a

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Ataturk University

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Visual analog scale	The visual analog scale will be used to assess the patient's pain intensity. It is a self-reported scale in the form of a 10-cm ruler indicating no pain at one end and unbearable pain at the other. Accordingly, the patient is told to evaluate his/her pain between 0 and 10, with 0 indicating "no pain" and 10 indicating "unbearable pain	2 minutes
Primary	Verbal category scale	The verbal category scale is a one-dimensional, simple, descriptive scale. Patients are asked to state the most appropriate word to describe their pain while filling in the scale. To describe the severity of pain, the patients had to choose from among (1) mild, (2) disturbing, (3) severe, (4) very severe, and (5) unbearable 5. The verbal category scale is a one-dimensional, simple, descriptive scale. Patients are asked to state the most appropriate word to describe their pain while filling in the scale. To describe the severity of pain, the patients had to choose from among (1) mild, (2) disturbing, (3) severe, (4) very severe, and (5) unbearable	2 minutes