A Trial of Epigenetic Priming in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Acute Myeloid Leukemia Clinical Trial

Official title:

A Phase II Trial of Epigenetic Priming in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Active, not recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT03164057
• Other study ID #: AML16
• Secondary ID: NCI-2017-00928
• Status: Active, not recruiting
• Phase: Phase 2
• Start date: June 15, 2017
• Est. completion date: June 2027

Study information

• Verified date: February 2024
• Source: St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

The overall aim of this study is to determine if epigenetic priming with a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor (DMTi) prior to chemotherapy blocks is tolerable and carries evidence of a clinical efficacy signal as determined by minimal residual disease (MRD), event-free survival (EFS), and overall survival (OS). Tolerability for each of the agents, as well as total reduction in DNA methylation and outcome assessments will be done to simultaneously obtain preliminary biological and clinical data for each DMTi in parallel.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

• Evaluate the tolerability of five days of epigenetic priming with azacitidine and decitabine as a single agent DMTi prior to standard AML chemotherapy blocks.

• Evaluate the change in genome-wide methylation burden induced by five days of epigenetic priming and the association of post-priming genome-wide methylation burden with event-free survival among pediatric AML patients.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES

• Describe minimal residual disease levels following Induction I chemotherapy in patients that receive DMTi.

• Estimate the event-free survival and overall survival of patients receiving a DMTi prior to chemotherapy courses.

Description:

To determine tolerability, priming with DMTi (azacitidine or decitabine) will be limited to Induction I and II during Part 1 of the study. If DMTi treatment is tolerated during Part 1, the investigators will go on to an Expansion Phase (Part 2) that includes DMTi priming prior to all chemotherapy blocks.

Treatment will consist of 5 blocks of conventional chemotherapy: Induction I, Induction II, Intensification I, Intensification II, and Intensification III over approximately 5 months.

RANDOMIZATION: Patients will be randomized to receive one of two DMTi (azacitidine or decitabine) for 5 days prior to Induction I. Intrathecal (ITHMA) treatments will be given right before treatment on this study or on Day 1 of Induction I treatment. Leucovorin will be given 24-30 hours following ITHMA.

INDUCTION I CHEMOTHERAPY: Patients receive cytarabine, daunorubicin, and etoposide.

INDUCTION II CHEMOTHERAPY; Patients receive their assigned DMTi for 5 days followed by fludarabine, cytarabine, G-CSF, and idarubicin.

Patients are then evaluated and assigned to either the low-risk arm, intermediate-risk arm, or the high-risk arm for Intensification therapy.

Patients with ≥ 5% blasts following Induction II will be considered refractory and will go off therapy. The rare high risk patient with an MRD < 0.1% following Induction I may proceed directly to stem cell transplant (SCT) after Induction II - if a suitable donor is available and the transplant can be performed without delay. MDS patients may proceed to SCT once they have achieved MRD <0.1% irrespective of the number of chemotherapy courses received.

INTENSIFICATION I CHEMOTHERAPY - LOW-RISK AML, INTERMEDIATE-RISK AML, and HIGH-RISK AML with no donor: Patients receive cytarabine and etoposide. After administration of 5 days of a DMTi prior to Inductions I and II satisfies a tolerability determination criterion, patients will also receive their randomly assigned DMTi for five days prior to cytarabine and etoposide.

INTENSIFICATION II CHEMOTHERAPY - LOW RISK AML, INTERMEDIATE-RISK AML, and HIGH-RISK AML with no donor: Patients receive mitoxantrone and cytarabine. After administration of 5 days of a DMTi prior to Inductions I and II satisfies a tolerability determination criterion, patients will also receive their randomly assigned DMTi for five days prior to mitoxantrone and cytarabine.

INTENSIFICATION I CHEMOTHERAPY - HIGH-RISK AML with a donor: Patients receive mitoxantrone and cytarabine followed by stem cell transplant (SCT). Treatment related AML patients and patients with treatment related MDS who have a donor but are not able to receive a SCT without delay will proceed to HR Intensification III and receive erwinia asparaginase and cytarabine. After administration of 5 days of a DMTi prior to earlier courses satisfies a tolerability criterion, patients will also receive their randomly assigned DMTi for five days prior to mitoxantrone and cytarabine or erwinia asparaginase and cytarabine.

Treatment related AML patients and treatment related MDS patients that are not able to receive a SCT should go off treatment following Intensification II.

INTENSIFICATION III CHEMOTHERAPY - INTERMEDIATE-RISK AML and HIGH-RISK AML with no donor:

Patients receive erwinia asparaginase and cytarabine. After administration of 5 days of a DMTi prior to earlier courses satisfies a tolerability criterion, patients will also receive their randomly assigned DMTi for five days prior to erwinia asparaginase and cytarabine.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Active, not recruiting
• Enrollment: 206
• Est. completion date: June 2027
• Est. primary completion date: June 2025
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 29 Days to 21 Years

Eligibility

INCLUSION CRITERIA:

• Diagnostic criteria: Patients must have one of the following diagnoses:

• Acute myeloid leukemia fulfilling the criteria of the WHO Classification (see Appendix I), or

• >5% but < 20% marrow myeloblasts and evidence of a clonal de novo AML genetic abnormality [e.g., t(8;21), inv(16), t(9;11)], or

• Myeloid sarcoma (also referred to as extramedullary myeloid tumor, granulocytic sarcoma, or chloroma), with or without evidence of a leukemia process in the bone marrow or peripheral blood, with confirmation of myeloid differentiation, or

• High grade myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with greater than 5% blasts, or

• Patients with treatment related myeloid neoplasms including AML and MDS, provided their cumulative anthracycline dose has not exceeded 230 mg/m2 doxorubicin equivalents.

• Other criteria - Patients must meet all the following criteria:

• Age > 28 days and < 22 years at time of study entry inclusive, and

• No prior therapy for this malignancy except for one dose of intrathecal therapy and the use of hydroxyurea or low-dose cytarabine (100-200 mg/m2 per day for one week or less for hyperleukocytosis), and

• Written informed consent according to institutional guidelines, and

• Female patients of childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test within 2 weeks prior to enrollment, and

• Male and female participants of reproductive potential must use an effective contraceptive method during the study and for a minimum of 6 months after study treatment.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

• Down syndrome

• Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)

• BCR-ABL1 chronic myeloid leukemia in blast crisis (CML-BC)

• Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML)

• Fanconi anemia (FA)

• Kostmann syndrome

• Shwachman syndrome

• Other bone marrow failure syndromes or low grade (<5% bone marrow blasts) MDS.

• Use of concomitant chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or immunotherapy other than as specified in the protocol.

• Use of investigational agents within 30 days or any anticancer therapy for this malignancy within 2 weeks before study entry with the exception of IT therapy, hydroxyurea, or low-dose cytarabine as specified in the protocol document. The patient must have recovered from all acute toxicities from any previous therapy.

• Systemic fungal, bacterial, viral, or other infection not controlled (defined as exhibiting ongoing signs/symptoms related to the infection and without improvement, despite appropriate antibiotics or other treatment).

• Pregnant or lactating.

• Any significant concurrent disease, illness, or psychiatric disorder that would compromise patient safety or compliance, interfere with consent, study participation, follow up, or interpretation of study results.

• Prior chemotherapy, with the exception of hydroxyurea or low-dose cytarabine as specified in the protocol document. The patient must have recovered from all acute toxicities from any previous therapy.

• Patients with treatment related myeloid neoplasms with cumulative anthracyclines greater than 230 mg/m2 doxorubicin equivalents.

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Acute Myeloid Leukemia
• Leukemia
• Leukemia, Myeloid
• Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
• Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Intervention

Drug:
• Azacitidine
Azacitidine solution is administered intravenously (IV) over a period of 10-40 minutes.
• Decitabine
Administered intravenously (IV) over approximately one hour.
• Cytarabine
Given IV or intrathecally (IT).
• Daunorubicin
Given IV.
• Etoposide
Given IV.

Combination Product:
• ITMHA
Given IT.

Drug:
• Idarubicin
Given IV.
• Fludarabine
Given IV over approximately 30 minutes.
• Mitoxantrone
Given IV.
• Erwinia asparaginase
Given IV or intramuscularly (IM).
• Sorafenib
Given PO.
• G-CSF
Given IV.
• Dexrazoxane
Given IV immediately before idarubicin administration.

Biological:
• Stem Cell Transplant
The transplant protocol will depend on the patient's donor and transplant physician's preference.

Drug:
• Asparaginase Erwinia Chrysanthemi, Recombinant-Rywn
May be used in the event of an Erwinia asparaginase shortage. Given intramuscularly (IM).

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United States	Dana-Farber Cancer Institute	Boston	Massachusetts
United States	University of Chicago Children's Hospital (Comer)	Chicago	Illinois
United States	Children's Hospital of Michigan	Detroit	Michigan
United States	Cook Children's Medical Center	Fort Worth	Texas
United States	Children's Hospital of Central California	Madera	California
United States	St. Jude Children's Research Hospital	Memphis	Tennessee
United States	Children's Hospital of Orange County	Orange	California
United States	Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford University	Palo Alto	California
United States	Rady Children's Hospital and Health Center	San Diego	California
United States	Sanford Children's Specialty Clinic	Sioux Falls	South Dakota

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Proportion of evaluable patients who tolerate five days of single agent DMTi before a standard chemotherapy combination	Patients will be monitored for grade 4-5 non-hematologic toxic events during these two courses of chemotherapy. Tolerating a course is defined as completing the course without experiencing death or a grade 4 non-hematologic toxicity.	From enrollment to completion of chemotherapy (up to 8 months after start of therapy)
Primary	Change in genome-wide methylation burden of leukemia cells from diagnosis to after five days of single agent DMTi	Leukemic cells will be collected from patients at diagnosis and after five days of single agent DMTi. Each sample of leukemic cells will be profiled with a methylation microarray. For each leukemic sample, genome-wide methylation burden (GWMB) will be computed as the sum of methylation values across all markers. For each patient, the change in GWMB will be computed as the day 5 GWMB minus the diagnostic GWMB.	From diagnosis to completion of five days of single agent DMTi (up to 2 weeks after start of therapy)
Primary	Cox model hazard ratio for association of event-free survival with genome-wide methylation burden	Patients will be monitored for the events of interest from enrollment for at least three years. EFS will be defined as the time elapsed from enrollment to the first of the following events: death, relapse, resistant disease, or second malignancy. EFS times for subjects who have not experienced these events at the time of analysis will be censored at date of last follow-up. A Cox regression model will be used to evaluate the association of EFS with genome-wide methylation burden observed after completion of five days of single agent decitabine or azacitidine as randomly assigned.	From diagnosis to the first of the following events: death, relapse, resistant disease, second malignancy, or last follow-up (up to 3 years after completion of therapy)
Secondary	Proportion of MRD-evaluable subjects with detectable minimal residual disease after receiving five days of a single agent DMTi followed by araC+daunorubicin+etoposide.	Flow cytometry will be used to measure minimal residual disease at diagnosis and after completion of the first course of chemotherapy.	MRD will be measured after completion of DMTi+araC+daunorubicin+etoposide (up to 6 weeks after the start of therapy)
Secondary	Kaplan-Meier estimate of event-free survival	Patients will be monitored for the events of interest from enrollment for at least three years. EFS will be defined as the time elapsed from enrollment to the first of the following events: death, relapse, resistant disease, or second malignancy. EFS times for subjects who have not experienced these events at the time of analysis will be censored at date of last follow-up.	From diagnosis to the first of the following events: death, relapse, resistant disease, second malignancy, or last follow-up (up to 3 years after completion of therapy)
Secondary	Kaplan-Meier estimate of overall survival	Patients will be monitored for death from enrollment for at least three years. Overall survival will be defined as the time elapsed from enrollment to death. OS times for subjects who are living at the time of analysis will be censored at date of last follow-up.	From diagnosis to the first of the following events: death or last follow-up (up to 3 years after completion of therapy)

External Links

•   Clinical Trials Open at St. Jude
•   St. Jude Children's Research Hospital