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Toxoplasmosis clinical trials

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NCT ID: NCT00803621 Completed - AIDS Clinical Trials

Cerebral Toxoplasmosis and AIDS

TOXODFA
Start date: June 2009
Phase:
Study type: Observational

With a HIV incidence much higher in the DFA than in European French territory, this disease is a major public health problem in these areas, especially in French Guiana. Cerebral toxoplasmosis is a priority among the opportunistic infections in AIDS patients from the DFA because of its frequency (French West Indies) and of its lethality (French Guiana). The diagnosis of cerebral toxoplasmosis may be difficult because based only on presumptive clinical and radiological features. The response to specific antitoxoplasmic therapy confirms a posteriori the diagnosis. In reference to the data collected by the Biological Resource Centre Toxoplasma, in particular in French Guiana, we think that T. gondii strains reactivating in AIDS patients from DFA are genetically different from those reactivating in AIDS patients from Europe, with an increased capacity for dissemination via peripheral blood in the first ones. This more frequent or more prolonged parasitemia could facilitate the diagnosis of cerebral toxoplasmosis by PCR test from peripheral blood samples in AIDS patients from the French departments of America.

NCT ID: NCT00645697 Completed - Tuberculosis Clinical Trials

Intravitreal Bevacizumab in Recalcitrant Inflammatory Ocular Neovascularization

AVA-ION
Start date: January 2007
Phase: Phase 4
Study type: Observational

One complication of uveitis which is driven by an increase in VEGF is the formation of inflammatory ocular neovascularization (ION). Here, we analyze the therapeutic role of intravitreal bevacizumab in ION not responding to standard therapy (systemic and ocular corticosteroids and systemic immunosuppressants) in a multicenter retrospective study.The natural history of subfoveal choroidal new vessels histoplasmosis, multifocal choroiditis, Harada and other inflammatory chorioretinal disorders has been very guarded, but with this new approach, we hope to stop the visual loss in these relatively young patients.

NCT ID: NCT00002064 Completed - HIV Infections Clinical Trials

Toxoplasmic Encephalitis in Patients With AIDS. Treatment and Prevention of Relapse

Start date: n/a
Phase: N/A
Study type: Interventional

To compare pyrimethamine and intravenous (IV) clindamycin vs. pyrimethamine and sulfonamides in the treatment of AIDS patients with central nervous system (CNS) Toxoplasma gondii.

NCT ID: NCT00001994 Completed - HIV Infections Clinical Trials

A Pilot Study of 566C80 for the Salvage Treatment of Toxoplasmic Encephalitis in Patients Infected With the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Who Have Failed or Are Intolerant of Pyrimethamine-Sulfadiazine

Start date: n/a
Phase: N/A
Study type: Interventional

To evaluate the safety and tolerance of atovaquone (566C80) in AIDS patients with central nervous system (CNS) toxoplasmosis. To evaluate the efficacy of 566C80 in the acute treatment and suppression of CNS toxoplasmosis in AIDS patients who fail or who cannot tolerate conventional therapy.

NCT ID: NCT00000973 Completed - HIV Infections Clinical Trials

A Study of Pyrimethamine in the Treatment of Infection by a Certain Parasite in HIV-Positive Patients

Start date: n/a
Phase: Phase 1
Study type: Interventional

To determine the manner in which pyrimethamine is metabolized and excreted in patients currently receiving zidovudine (AZT). An important goal of this measurement is to establish the optimal dose of pyrimethamine necessary to prevent the development of toxoplasmosis in AIDS patients or delay the subsequent return of toxoplasmic encephalitis. Encephalitis caused by Toxoplasma gondii has emerged as the most frequent cause of focal central nervous system infection in patients with AIDS. Untreated, the encephalitis is fatal. The best treatment for this disease has not been determined. Presently it is standard practice to administer a combination of pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine. Little is known about the pharmacokinetics of pyrimethamine in patients with AIDS receiving AZT. Furthermore, there are reports that patients already exposed to toxoplasmosis may not have uniform absorption of pyrimethamine.

NCT ID: NCT00000966 Completed - HIV Infections Clinical Trials

A Study of Azithromycin Plus Pyrimethamine in the Treatment of a Brain Infection in Patients With AIDS

Start date: n/a
Phase: Phase 1
Study type: Interventional

To evaluate the effectiveness and toxicity of oral azithromycin and pyrimethamine as acute therapy for toxoplasmic encephalitis in AIDS patients. To assess the toxicity and effectiveness of azithromycin alone as maintenance therapy. Encephalitis caused by Toxoplasma gondii is the most frequent cause of focal central nervous system infection in patients with AIDS. Untreated, the encephalitis is fatal. Standard treatment for toxoplasmic encephalitis is associated with serious adverse effects. Thus, alternative treatments are needed.

NCT ID: NCT00000794 Completed - HIV Infections Clinical Trials

Phase II Randomized Open-Label Trial of Atovaquone Plus Pyrimethamine and Atovaquone Plus Sulfadiazine for the Treatment of Acute Toxoplasmic Encephalitis

Start date: n/a
Phase: Phase 2
Study type: Interventional

To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerance of atovaquone with either pyrimethamine or sulfadiazine in AIDS patients with toxoplasmic encephalitis. AIDS patients with toxoplasmic encephalitis who receive the standard therapy combination of sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine experience a high frequency of severe toxicity. Atovaquone, an antibiotic that has demonstrated efficacy against toxoplasmosis in animal models and in preclinical testing has been well tolerated, is now available as a suspension, which is more readily absorbed than the tablet form of the drug. The efficacy and safety of atovaquone in combination with sulfadiazine or pyrimethamine will be studied.

NCT ID: NCT00000674 Completed - HIV Infections Clinical Trials

A Pilot Study of Oral Clindamycin and Pyrimethamine for the Treatment of Toxoplasmic Encephalitis in Patients With AIDS

Start date: n/a
Phase: N/A
Study type: Interventional

To collect information on the effectiveness and toxicity of clindamycin plus pyrimethamine and leucovorin calcium for the treatment of acute toxoplasmic encephalitis in adult patients with AIDS. Toxoplasmic encephalitis (encephalitis caused by Toxoplasma gondii) is the most frequent cause of focal central nervous system infection in patients with AIDS. If untreated, the encephalitis is fatal. At present, it is standard practice to give a combination of pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine to treat toxoplasmic encephalitis. The high frequency of sulfonamide-induced toxicity in AIDS patients often makes completion of a full course of therapy difficult. There is some information that high doses of parenteral (such as by injection) clindamycin used with pyrimethamine may be as effective as pyrimethamine plus sulfadiazine in the management of the acute phase of toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with AIDS. Administration of parenteral clindamycin for prolonged periods of time, however, is costly, requires hospitalization, and is inconvenient for the patient. There is some indication that treatment of AIDS patients with acute toxoplasmic encephalitis with oral clindamycin may be effective. Leucovorin calcium is useful in preventing pyrimethamine-associated bone marrow toxicity.

NCT ID: NCT00000666 Completed - HIV Infections Clinical Trials

A Randomized Prospective Study of Pyrimethamine Therapy for Prevention of Toxoplasmic Encephalitis in HIV-Infected Individuals With Serologic Evidence of Latent Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

Start date: n/a
Phase: N/A
Study type: Interventional

To evaluate pyrimethamine as a prophylactic agent against toxoplasmic encephalitis in individuals who are coinfected with HIV and latent Toxoplasma gondii. Toxoplasmic encephalitis is a major cause of illness and death in AIDS patients. Standard treatment for toxoplasmic encephalitis is to combine pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine. Continuous treatment is necessary to prevent recurrence of the disease, but constant use of pyrimethamine/sulfadiazine is associated with toxicity. Clindamycin has been shown to be effective in treatment of toxoplasmic encephalitis in animal studies. This study evaluates pyrimethamine as a preventive treatment against toxoplasmic encephalitis (per 3/26/91 amendment, clindamycin arm was discontinued).

NCT ID: NCT00000643 Completed - HIV Infections Clinical Trials

Primary Prophylaxis of Cerebral Toxoplasmosis in HIV-Infected Patients

Start date: n/a
Phase: Phase 2
Study type: Interventional

To evaluate the effectiveness of pyrimethamine (given with leucovorin calcium versus placebo (an inactive substance) for the primary prophylaxis (prevention) of cerebral toxoplasmosis in HIV-infected patients. Cerebral toxoplasmosis is one of the most frequently encountered opportunistic infections in the course of AIDS. The mortality (death) rate is estimated to be greater than 50 percent. Pyrimethamine is a drug that appears promising for the primary prevention of cerebral toxoplasmosis in HIV-infected patients.