View clinical trials related to Substance Use.
Filter by:Runaway and homeless youth are at risk for HIV based upon their rates of substance use, particularly injection drug use, unprotected sexual intercourse, multiple partners, and sexually transmitted diseases. Risk increases as the time away from home increases. STRIVE is a family intervention aimed at increasing residential stability, decreasing runaway episodes, and decreasing HIV risk. Families are randomly assigned to a cognitive-behavioral skills-building intervention consisting of five weekly sessions delivered at family homes, or are assigned to standard care. Sessions are aimed at increasing problem solving, role clarity, and positive interactions. It is hypothesized that the intervention will result in improved family dynamics, less runaway behavior, and less risky behavior.
- Context: Mothers living with HIV (MLH) and their children face predictable challenges: maintaining physical and mental health, parenting while ill, and addressing HIV-related stressors. - Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a family-based intervention over time; to contrast the life adjustments of HIV-affected families and their non-HIV-affected neighbors in the current treatment era. - Design: Randomized controlled trial of MLH and a longitudinal comparison of MLH to a neighborhood cohort using random effect regression. - Participants and Intervention: MLH (n = 339) and their school-age children (n = 259) were randomly assigned to receive 1) an intervention of 16 sessions in a cognitive-behavioral, small-group format; or 2) control. MLH and their children were compared to non-HIV-affected families recruited at shopping markets. Participant retention was high: 84% at 6 months, 83% at 12 months, and 78% at 18 months. - Main Outcome Measures: Family functioning and conflict, mental and physical health, sexual behavior, and substance use.
This is a Stage 1A/1B behavioral therapy development project with the aim of developing and piloting an early intervention based upon traditional martial arts for adolescents who are in the early stages of substance use/misuse. The primary aims of this study are: 1) To develop a manualized version of an existing, typical traditional martial arts program, modified to target a reduction in substance use and the associated behavioral and psychosocial problems for adolescents in the early stages of substance use or misuse, based on principles derived from empirically-based prevention programs. 2) To obtain preliminary pilot data on recruitment feasibility, validity of assessments, and estimates of the effect size of the intervention in reducing substance use and improving prosocial behavioral and psychosocial outcomes. 3) To refine and further develop the manualized program based on pilot data and utilizing feedback from the initial cohort of participants, traditional martial arts program instructors and substance abuse treatment experts. The goals of these revisions would be to maximize the impact of the program on substance use and behavioral outcomes, while retaining the core features of a traditional martial arts program to ensure the feasibility of implementing, sustaining, and disseminating such a program in existing community-based martial arts programs. 4) To develop procedures for training interventionists (i.e., martial arts instructors and research assistants) and for monitoring program adherence to ensure fidelity. 5) To conduct a small pilot study of the refined manualized program to enable us to estimate the effect size of the intervention and provide information for estimating power for a larger randomized controlled trial should the results of this intervention prove promising in terms of positive impact on the primary and secondary outcome measures: decreased drug use and improvement in psychosocial functioning and behavioral problems (including aggression).
This study is a longitudinal follow-up of 670 primarily African-American women and their 17-year-old firstborn children enrolled since 1990 in a highly significant randomized controlled trial (RCT) of prenatal and infancy home visiting by nurses. Nurses in this program are charged with improving pregnancy outcomes, child health and development, and maternal economic self-sufficiency. This follow-up examines whether earlier program effects on maternal and child functioning lead to less violent antisocial behavior, psychopathology, substance use and use-disorders, and risk for HIV; whether these effects are greater for those at both genetic and environmental risk; and whether program effects replicate those found with whites in an earlier trial.
This study will examine safer sex skills building (SSB), a targeted behavioral HIV prevention and risk reduction group intervention in two samples of pregnant drug abusing women.
The purpose of this study is to examine whether adding a brief alcohol treatment to standard violence intervention programs for women will result in reduced drinking, reduced partner violence perpetration, and reduced partner violence victimization. We hypothesize that, relative to standard care, women receiving the additional brief alcohol intervention will have better alcohol use and partner violence outcomes.
This is a study to find out which type of computer screening and nursing support can improve screening for high risk behaviors in doctor's offices. Recommendations call for doctors to screen young people for many different behaviors and feelings such as depression, not wearing seat belts, alcohol and drug use. Doctors rarely have time to complete these screenings. New computers can help ask some of these questions and protect patient information. In addition, nurse telephone calls can often help young persons with some of the behaviors receive treatment. This study will examine which type of computer screening and follow-up will help patients the most.
The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the Positive Action program on reducing negative behaviors, increasing positive behaviors and improving academic achievement of elementary school students.
Preliminary controlled trial of a brief intervention designed to reduce child maltreatment risk among low-income pregnant mothers. Foci will include major risk factors for maltreatment, including substance abuse, social isolation, depression, violence exposure, and maladaptive child-rearing attitudes/beliefs.