Outcome
| Type |
Measure |
Description |
Time frame |
Safety issue |
| Primary |
Change of Outcome Prediction Rate |
Outcome prediction rate using fNIRS parameter and clinical parameters. |
After 2-3 weeks from stroke onset (T0), Immediately after 2-3 weeks of rehabilitation (T1), After 1-3 months from stroke onset (T2) |
|
| Secondary |
Change of fNIRS activation pattern |
The activation pattern was analyzed by nirsLAB software. This software provides data collection and correction function. |
After 2-3 weeks from stroke onset (T0), Immediately after 2-3 weeks of rehabilitation (T1), After 1-3 months from stroke onset (T2) |
|
| Secondary |
Change of Laterality Index |
The formula for Laterality Index is (contralateral - ipsilateral)/(contralateral + ipsilateral). The range of Laterality index is -1 to 1. '-1' means all ipsilateral activation and '1' means all contralateral activation. |
After 2-3 weeks from stroke onset (T0), Immediately after 2-3 weeks of rehabilitation (T1), After 1-3 months from stroke onset (T2) |
|
| Secondary |
Change of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) Score |
Tool to quantify the impairment from stroke. On a scale from 0 to 42, 0 is one with no stroke symptoms and 42 is a stroke patient with the most severe symptoms. The 11 items of NIHSS are as follows: level of consciousness, horizontal eye movement, visual field test, facial palsy, motor arm, motor leg, limb ataxia, sensory, language, speech, and extinction and inattention. |
After 2-3 weeks from stroke onset (T0), Immediately after 2-3 weeks of rehabilitation (T1), After 1-3 months from stroke onset (T2) |
|
| Secondary |
Change of Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) Score |
A neurological scale to evaluate one's consciousness. There are three elements, which are eye response, verbal response, and motor response. A patient with best response will score 15 and a totally unresponsive patient will score 3. |
After 2-3 weeks from stroke onset (T0), Immediately after 2-3 weeks of rehabilitation (T1), After 1-3 months from stroke onset (T2) |
|
| Secondary |
Change of Modified Barthel Index (MBI) Score |
The MBI is a scale that measures activities of daily living. It is composed of 10 categories: fecal incontinence, urinary incontinence, grooming, toilet use, feeding, transfers (e.g., from chair to bed), walking, dressing, climbing stairs, and bathing. A higher score is a patient with better ability to live independently. |
After 2-3 weeks from stroke onset (T0), Immediately after 2-3 weeks of rehabilitation (T1), After 1-3 months from stroke onset (T2) |
|
| Secondary |
Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) Scale |
A scale that assess the impairment in a stroke patient. It has three points for each item. When a patient can perform a given task fully, 2 point is given. 1 point is given for partial performance and 0 for not being able to perform the task. The five domains of FMA scale are: motor function (Maximum score in upper limb = 66, Maximum score in lower limb = 34), sensory function (Maximum score = 24), balance (Maximum score = 14), range of motion of joints (Maximum score = 44), and joint pain (Maximum score = 44). |
After 2-3 weeks from stroke onset (T0), Immediately after 2-3 weeks of rehabilitation (T1), After 1-3 months from stroke onset (T2) |
|
| Secondary |
Change of Brunnstrom Stage Score |
Staging of recovery from stroke. The stages are: 1. flaccidity, 2. developing spasticity, 3. pronounced spasticity, 4. spasticity and influence of synergies start to decrease, 5. spasticity declines even more, and 6. no spasticity and near normal stage. |
After 2-3 weeks from stroke onset (T0), Immediately after 2-3 weeks of rehabilitation (T1), After 1-3 months from stroke onset (T2) |
|
| Secondary |
Change of Box and Block Test Score |
A test using a box and and blocks to evaluate the upper extremity function. |
After 2-3 weeks from stroke onset (T0), Immediately after 2-3 weeks of rehabilitation (T1), After 1-3 months from stroke onset (T2) |
|
| Secondary |
Change of Grip strength |
Used JAMAR Hydraulic Hand Dynamometer and JAMAR Hydraulic Pinch Gauge. Hand grip, pinch grip, lateral prehension, and three jaw chuck were measured. |
After 2-3 weeks from stroke onset (T0), Immediately after 2-3 weeks of rehabilitation (T1), After 1-3 months from stroke onset (T2) |
|
| Secondary |
Change of Modified Ashworth Scale Score |
Measurement of spasticity during passive stretching. Wrist flexor/extensor spasticity, elbow flexor/extensor spasticity, and long finger flexor spasticity were measured. On a scale of 0 to 4, 0 means there is no spasticity and 4 means it is rigid in flexion or extension. |
After 2-3 weeks from stroke onset (T0), Immediately after 2-3 weeks of rehabilitation (T1), After 1-3 months from stroke onset (T2) |
|
| Secondary |
Change of Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) Score |
A popular validated functional outcome measure in stroke. On a scale from 0 to 6, 0 is one with no symptom and 6 is the worst meaning death. |
After 2-3 weeks from stroke onset (T0), Immediately after 2-3 weeks of rehabilitation (T1), After 1-3 months from stroke onset (T2) |
|
| Secondary |
Change of Functional Ambulatory Category (FAC) Score |
On a scale from 1 to 6 ambulation status is described. 1 being the worst and 6 being independent at level and non-level surfaces also. |
After 2-3 weeks from stroke onset (T0), Immediately after 2-3 weeks of rehabilitation (T1), After 1-3 months from stroke onset (T2) |
|
| Secondary |
Change of Neglect Evaluation Battery Score |
Includes Motor Free Visual Perception Test (MVPT), Line Bisection Test, Albert Test, Clock Drawing, Comb and Razor, and Catherine Bergego Scale. Used electrical method if available. Otherwise test was performed. |
After 2-3 weeks from stroke onset (T0), Immediately after 2-3 weeks of rehabilitation (T1), After 1-3 months from stroke onset (T2) |
|
| Secondary |
Change of Western Aphasia Battery (WAB) |
Measures aphasia type and severity |
After 2-3 weeks from stroke onset (T0), Immediately after 2-3 weeks of rehabilitation (T1), After 1-3 months from stroke onset (T2) |
|
| Secondary |
Change of Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) |
Clinical scale that assess different impairments in cerebellar ataxia. Consisted of 8 items. It is related to gait, stance, sitting, finger-chase test, nose-finger test, fast alternating movements and heel-shin test. |
After 2-3 weeks from stroke onset (T0), Immediately after 2-3 weeks of rehabilitation (T1), After 1-3 months from stroke onset (T2) |
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