Schizophrenia Clinical Trial
Official title:
Motivation and Executive Control in Schizophrenia
In order to control a behaviour, investigators need to realise goal directed actions and to
priories some actions. This control is required in unusual situation. Appropriate actions are
selected and coordinated according to context and aim.
Several studies try to draw a model of executive function. Recently, Koechlin has suggested a
three levelled organisation to explain how the prefrontal cortex controls actions.
Contextual control is useful to answer appropriately with the immediate context. Episodic
control allows selecting the action according to specific information given before. Sensorial
control is the automatic response when a stimulus is presented.
Some diseases like schizophrenia are associated with neurological dysfunction in prefrontal
cortex. Chambon and al (2008) have identified a dysfunction of contextual control in
schizophrenia.
As the prefrontal cortex is involved in motivational process, it seems interesting to study
potential links between executive function and motivation. A study from Kouneiher shows
contextual and episodic activation of motivation in healthy population.
Investigators aim to study the way motivational process are recruited in schizophrenia.
behavioral protocol. Letters (vowel and consonant; upper- or lower- case) are presented in
several colours into successive blocks. Each block included a series of eight letters. Each
colour required a specific task given by a fixed rule (contextual control) but for some
colour, the rule changes sometimes (episodic control). Participants are informed that payoffs
vary according to their own performance. A frame indicates essay with bonus reward. Moreover
a dashed frame indicates a low-bonus reward and a solid frame means a high-bonus reward. Thus
different blocks are designed: low-incentive block and high incentive block.
This reward increased from standard to bonus motivation in high-incentive block (contextual
motivation) and from low to high according to the type of blocks (episodic motivation)
Reaction time may be higher in bonus reward Patients with schizophrenia are not sensitive to
contextual motivation, and therefore patients should behave differently than control in
contextual motivation.
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