View clinical trials related to Rectal Neoplasms.
Filter by:This project investigates the clinical and biological impact of combining immunotherapy (pembrolizumab) with short course radiotherapy (5Gy, five times) in the neo-adjuvant treatment of localised microsatellite stable (MSS) rectal cancer.
There are several types of circulating DNA: DNA from patient's existing cells, foetal DNA in the case of pregnant woman, and tumoral DNA in the case of patients with cancer. These circulating tumoral DNA (ctDNA) can be obtained from a blood test called liquid biopsy and be detected by the latest generation of very high throughput sequencers with the Massive Parallel Sequencing technique (MPS). This study focus on using this technique on breast and colorectal cancers in which no analysis of CNV (tumor origin marker) with this technique has been performed yet. It is a prospective, pilot, monocentric, feasibility study on genomic profile. The study aim is to show the possibility to realize in a reproductive way a molecular karyotype on ctDNA with the MPS approach from a liquid biopsy taken from patients with cancer and to compare this profile with the one obtained by CGH array (Comparative Genomic Hybridization) from primitive tumor.
This phase 1b trial studies the side effects and best dose of TAS-102 when given together with radiation therapy in treating patients with stage II-III rectal cancer that has not been treated and can be removed by surgery (resectable). Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as TAS-102, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. Radiation therapy uses high energy x-rays to kill tumor cells and shrink tumors. This study is being done to find out the safest dose of TAS-102 that can be used with radiation treatment for rectal cancer.
The objective of this project is to determine in a non-invasive manner (fecal samples) the predictive value of the intestinal microbiota and the presence of genotoxin-producing bacteria on the response to neoadjuvant treatment in rectal cancer. This could lead to a better understanding and selection of patients for personalized treatment in rectal cancer.
Watch-and-wait strategy in rectal cancer is gaining momentum. There is a large variability in reporting the proportion of patients achieving clinical complete response (cCR) after routinely delivered preoperative radio(chemo)therapy, likely because of patients' selection. This proportion in population-based level is poorly defined. In addition, predictive factors for cCR are also poorly defined. It is known that cCR response is observed often in small tumours. However, cCR proportion in large cancers has not been sufficiently evaluated. For example, even though pathological complete response (pCR) does occur in large fixed cancer, it is unknown whether cCR does also occur because persistent fibrous stroma may mimic residual cancer in all of such cases. This is a prospective observational population-based cohort study on low rectal cancer to answer the question of how often clinical or near-clinical tumour response occur after routinely delivered preoperative radiotherapy in relation to the pre-treatment tumour characteristics. The additional question was how often pCR occur in relation to the pre-treatment tumour characteristics in the patients managed by total mesorectal excision because of persistent tumour after radiotherapy. The additional aim was the implementation of watch-and-wait strategy or full-thickness local excision (as an option instead of total mesorectal excision in the patients with sustained near-cCR) within a frame of a prospective study. In the patients managed by organ preservation, the secondary outcome measures were: i) local regrowth rate, ii) effectiveness of salvage surgery, iii) disease-free survival at 3 years and overall survival at 5 years, iv) anorectal function.
In recent years, an increasing number of retrospective and prospective observational studies have indicated that a subset of rectal cancer patients may avoid surgery if they can achieve a complete response to chemoradiotherapy. Prospective trials, including the previous Danish Watchful Waiting trials (NCT00952926, NCT02438839) in early rectal cancer have demonstrated high levels of organ preservation with dose-escalation, but it is unclear whether this was primarily due to tumor stage or dose level. The aim of the present study is to investigate if a higher dose of radiotherapy is superior compared to a standard dose in patients with early rectal cancer undergoing chemoradiotherapy with curative intent.
Background: Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (TME) for rectal cancer is technically challenging because of the confined space within the pelvis. The robotic surgical system is recently introduced to overcome the limitations of laparoscopy in terms of visualization and maneuverability, but robotic surgery is expensive. Transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) is an emerging surgical approach that allows dissection of the most difficult part of the TME plane deep down in the pelvis using a less costly transanal platform. To date, no randomized controlled trial can be found in the literature comparing TaTME and robotic TME. Objectives: To compare the pathologic outcomes, functional outcomes, and costs between TaTME and robotic TME for mid or low rectal cancer. Design: Prospective, randomized, controlled, superiority trial. Subjects: One hundred and eight consecutive patients who are clinically diagnosed with cT1-3, N0-2, M0 rectal cancer located within 12 cm of the anal verge who do not require abdominoperineal resection will be recruited. Interventions: Patients will be randomly allocated to undergo either TaTME or robotic TME. Outcome measures: Primary outcome: composite pathologic endpoint (complete TME, clear circumferential and distal resection margins). Secondary outcomes: conversion rate, postoperative recovery, morbidity, health-related quality of life, urosexual function, and costs. Hypothesis: Results of the present study can provide evidence-based clarification of the efficacy and safety of TaTME for patients with mid and low rectal cancer. The results of this proposed project may have a significant impact on the future treatment strategy for mid and low rectal cancer.
IMPROVE-IT2 is a randomized multicenter trial comparing the outcomes of ctDNA guided post-operative surveillance and standard-of-care CT-scan surveillance. The hypothesis of this study is that ctDNA guided post-operative surveillance combining ctDNA and radiological assessments could result in earlier detection of recurrent disease and identify more patients eligible for curative treatment.
This is a prospective phase II, open label, single arm, multi-centre study to evaluate activity of an innovative sequence on capecitabine plus concomitant radiation therapy followed by durvalumab in patients with operable rectal cancer. The enrollment period will be of 12 months. Eligible patients will be initiated to a standard concomitant chemoradiation therapy for 5 weeks. One week after the end of CT/RT patients will be treated with durvalumab for 3 administrations. Patient will undergo surgery after 10-12 weeks from the end of CT/RT and the surgical piece will be analyzed. After surgery patients will be followed up for 5 years, according to clinical practice.
The anastomotic leakage remains the major early complication after laparoscopic anterior resection(LAR) for medium & low rectal cancer. Pelvic floor reconstruction (PR) is a key step in various standard resections for open radical rectal cancer surgery, which was considered to be helpful for decreasing the rate of leakage. However, PR in endoscopic LAR surgery is not routine practice and remains controversial. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of PR during LAR for mid/low rectal carcinoma, especially in preventing anastomotic leakage.