Cryotherapy Post-haemorrhoidectomy (CYPHER) Randomized Controlled Trial

Postoperative Pain Clinical Trial

Official title:

Cryotherapy Post-haemorrhoidectomy (CYPHER) Randomized Controlled Trial

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT06005727
• Other study ID #: 2022/2357
• Status: Recruiting
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: April 1, 2023
• Est. completion date: December 31, 2024

Study information

• Verified date: August 2023
• Source: Singapore General Hospital
• Contact: Hui Lionel Raphael Chen
• Phone: 62223322
• Email: lionel.raphael.chen.h[@]singhealth.com.sg
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Haemorrhoids is a common problem with an estimated prevalence of 5 to 36%. Surgery is indicated in patients with grade 3 to 4 piles and in patients whom conservative measures have failed. There have been several surgical techniques described such as the Milligan- Morgan, Ferguson haemorrhoidectomy, stapled and laser haemorrhoidectomy. However, most patients experience different degrees of postoperative pain which may cause anxiety and dissatisfaction. A relatively non-invasive and cost-effective technique targeting inflammation is cryotherapy which has been shown to decrease pain secondary to trauma, injury or disease. Cryotherapy has few deleterious side effects due to its non-pharmacologic nature and has become widespread in sports medicine to treat soft tissue damage. Therefore, we aim to evaluate the role of cryotherapy in improving postoperative pain and outcomes among patients who undergo haemorrhoidectomy.

Description:

Haemorrhoids is a common problem with an estimated prevalence of 5 to 36%. Surgery is indicated in patients with grade 3 to 4 piles and in patients whom conservative measures have failed. There have been several surgical techniques described such as the Milligan- Morgan, Ferguson haemorrhoidectomy, stapled and laser haemorrhoidectomy. However, most patients experience different degrees of postoperative pain which may cause anxiety and dissatisfaction. Pain is an unavoidable side effect of any proctology operation. It arises from local inflammation in traumatized tissues which may cause stimulation of surrounding nociceptors. While adequate postoperative analgesia promotes patient recovery and satisfaction, narcotics for postoperative pain are also associated with numerous side effects. A relatively non-invasive and cost-effective technique targeting inflammation is cryotherapy which has been shown to decrease pain secondary to trauma, injury or disease. Cryotherapy has few deleterious side effects due to its non-pharmacologic nature and has become widespread in sports medicine to treat soft tissue damage. Ice therapy has previously been shown to be safe and effect for postoperative analgesia in various procedures such as laparotomy, hernia repair, tonsillectomy, oral surgery but the evidence for its role in haemorrhoidectomy is lacking. Therefore, we aim to evaluate the role of cryotherapy in improving postoperative pain and outcomes among patients who undergo haemorrhoidectomy. We hypothesize that intraoperative trans-anal ice pack insertion for patients after haemorrhoidectomy (conventional & stapled) will have lower postoperative pain scores with possibly decreased postoperative complications.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Recruiting
• Enrollment: 50
• Est. completion date: December 31, 2024
• Est. primary completion date: December 31, 2024
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 21 Years to 75 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age group of patients: 21 to 75 years old

2. Grade 3 (prolapsed but reducible manually) and Grade 4 (prolapsed but irreducible) piles that are symptomatic

3. Patients recruited are to undergo either staple or conventional (Milligan-Morgan or Ferguson) haemorrhoidectomy

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Grade 1 and 2 haemorrhoids

2. Thrombosed, irreducible piles that require emergency haemorrhoidectomy

3. Patients who had undergone any previous anorectal surgery within 5 years from the date of recruitment

4. Patients with concurrent anorectal pathology (anal fissures, abscess, fistula, tumour, inflammatory bowel disease)

5. Pregnant women

6. Patients with severe medical comorbidities or assessed as ASA 3 and above

7. Patients on long term antiplatelets (aspirin, plavix) and anticoagulation (clexane, warfarin, rivaroxaban, apixaban)

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Cryotherapy Effect
• Hemorrhoids
• Postoperative Complications
• Postoperative Pain

Intervention

Device:
• Transanal ice pack
A condom is filled with 100ml of water and frozen to serve as a transanal ice pack. It is covered by sterile plastic dressing and applied to the hemorrhoidectomy wound for 1 minute after surgery is completed.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Singapore	Singapore General Hospital	Singapore

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Singapore General Hospital

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Singapore, 

References & Publications (3)

Hetzer FH, Demartines N, Handschin AE, Clavien PA. Stapled vs excision hemorrhoidectomy: long-term results of a prospective randomized trial. Arch Surg. 2002 Mar;137(3):337-40. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.137.3.337. — View Citation

Medina-Gallardo A, Curbelo-Pena Y, De Castro X, Roura-Poch P, Roca-Closa J, De Caralt-Mestres E. Is the severe pain after Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy still currently remaining a major postoperative problem despite being one of the oldest surgical techniques described? A case series of 117 consecutive patients. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2017;30:73-75. doi: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2016.11.018. Epub 2016 Nov 15. — View Citation

Watkins AA, Johnson TV, Shrewsberry AB, Nourparvar P, Madni T, Watkins CJ, Feingold PL, Kooby DA, Maithel SK, Staley CA, Master VA. Ice packs reduce postoperative midline incision pain and narcotic use: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Coll Surg. 2014 Sep;219(3):511-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2014.03.057. Epub 2014 May 23. — View Citation

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Pain score on postoperative day 1 after hemorrhoidectomy	Pain score on postoperative day from scale of 1 to 10 after hemorrhoidectomy.	Postoperative day 1
Secondary	Postoperative complications after hemorrhoidectomy	Postoperative bleeding, urinary retention, perianal sepsis, anal stenosis, incontinence	Within 30 days after surgery
Secondary	Proportion of patients who had admission after day surgery or readmission for postoperative complications	Proportion of patients who had readmission or required admission after surgery.	Within 30 days after surgery
Secondary	Proportion of patients who require repeat surgical interventions for postoperative complications: bleeding, perianal sepsis and anal stenosis	Proportion of patients who required repeat surgical interventions after surgery.	Within 30 days after surgery
Secondary	Changes in the mean pain score 1 month after surgery assessed by telephone interviews on POD1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 14, 21 and 28.	Pain scores are recorded on the postoperative day 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 14, 21 and 28 and postoperative pain score trends analyzed.	Postoperative day 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 14, 21 and 28.
Secondary	Mean time to return to work or regular activity, in days, reported by the patient.	The time to return to work or regular activity after surgery as reported by the patient	Within the first 90 days after the surgery