Investigation of the Psychometric Properties of the Squares Test in Measuring Hand Function in Parkinson's Disease

Parkinson Disease Clinical Trial

Official title:

Investigation of the Psychometric Properties of the Squares Test in Measuring Hand Function in Parkinson's Disease

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT03580486
• Other study ID #: 844
• Status: Completed
• Start date: December 19, 2014
• Est. completion date: August 17, 2015

Study information

• Verified date: June 2018
• Source: Gazi University
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Observational

Clinical Trial Summary

The first aim of the present study was to investigate reliability, validity and responsiveness to the minimal clinically important difference, which is defined as the smallest change in score corresponding to clinically meaningful change realized by patient, of the squares test in people with PD.

The second aim of the study is to determine the relationship between hand function and both trunk control and balance in PD population.

Description:

At baseline, the ST, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) Scale, Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) was applied to the PS group when the patients were "on" period. The ST was repeated after seven days from the first application when PD group were "on" period to evaluate its reliability.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 107
• Est. completion date: August 17, 2015
• Est. primary completion date: August 17, 2015
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: All
• Age group: 40 Years and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• at least 40 years of age

• neurologist-diagnosed idiopathic PD (using UK Brain Bank criteria)

• Hoehn & Yahr (H&Y) stages 1 to 4

• Mini-Mental State Examination = 22/30 (literate and with 5 or more years of education) and =18/30 (illiterate and with less than 5 years of education)

• living in the community

Exclusion Criteria:

• individuals with other major diseases (e.g., cancer, stroke, epilepsy, dementia, and severe rheumatoid arthritis)

• preexisting disabilities

• visual impairments

• diagnosis of atypical Parkinsonism

• H&Y stage 5

• previous surgical management of PD

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Parkinson Disease

Intervention

Other:
• The squares test
The squares test (ST) originally used in handedness is modified. The ST is a reliable, not time-consuming and easy to administer test for evaluated hand function.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
n/a

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Gazi University

References & Publications (9)

Annett M. Five tests of hand skill. Cortex. 1992 Dec;28(4):583-600. — View Citation

Earhart GM, Cavanaugh JT, Ellis T, Ford MP, Foreman KB, Dibble L. The 9-hole PEG test of upper extremity function: average values, test-retest reliability, and factors contributing to performance in people with Parkinson disease. J Neurol Phys Ther. 2011 Dec;35(4):157-63. doi: 10.1097/NPT.0b013e318235da08. — View Citation

Foki T, Vanbellingen T, Lungu C, Pirker W, Bohlhalter S, Nyffeler T, Kraemmer J, Haubenberger D, Fischmeister FP, Auff E, Hallett M, Beisteiner R. Limb-kinetic apraxia affects activities of daily living in Parkinson's disease: a multi-center study. Eur J Neurol. 2016 Aug;23(8):1301-7. doi: 10.1111/ene.13021. Epub 2016 May 1. — View Citation

Gebhardt A, Vanbellingen T, Baronti F, Kersten B, Bohlhalter S. Poor dopaminergic response of impaired dexterity in Parkinson's disease: Bradykinesia or limb kinetic apraxia? Mov Disord. 2008 Sep 15;23(12):1701-6. doi: 10.1002/mds.22199. — View Citation

Gillen G, Boiangiu C, Neuman M, Reinstein R, Schaap Y. Trunk posture affects upper extremity function of adults. Percept Mot Skills. 2007 Apr;104(2):371-80. — View Citation

Leddy AL, Crowner BE, Earhart GM. Functional gait assessment and balance evaluation system test: reliability, validity, sensitivity, and specificity for identifying individuals with Parkinson disease who fall. Phys Ther. 2011 Jan;91(1):102-13. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20100113. Epub 2010 Nov 11. — View Citation

Proud EL, Miller KJ, Bilney B, Balachandran S, McGinley JL, Morris ME. Evaluation of measures of upper limb functioning and disability in people with Parkinson disease: a systematic review. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2015 Mar;96(3):540-551.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2014.09.016. Epub 2014 Oct 7. Review. — View Citation

Schenkman M, Morey M, Kuchibhatla M. Spinal flexibility and balance control among community-dwelling adults with and without Parkinson's disease. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2000 Aug;55(8):M441-5. — View Citation

Verheyden G, Willems AM, Ooms L, Nieuwboer A. Validity of the trunk impairment scale as a measure of trunk performance in people with Parkinson's disease. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2007 Oct;88(10):1304-8. — View Citation

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	The Squares Test	The Squares Test is used to evaluate hand function.	2 minutes
Secondary	The Nine-Hole Peg Test	The Nine-Hole Peg Test is used to evaluate hand function.	2 minutes
Secondary	Berg Balance Scale	Functional balance performance was assessed with the Berg Balance scale.	15 minutes
Secondary	Trunk Impairment Scale	Trunk control was assessed by the Trunk Impairment Scale.	20 minutes