Injection of Local Anesthetic to Trocar Insertion Sites After Laparoscopy

Pain, Postoperative Clinical Trial

Official title:

Infiltration of Bupivacaine Local Anesthetic to Trocar Insertion Sites After Laparoscopic Hysterectomy: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT01688596
• Other study ID #: 40708
• Status: Completed
• Phase: Phase 1
• Start date: September 2012
• Est. completion date: January 2013

Study information

• Verified date: March 2018
• Source: Milton S. Hershey Medical Center
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

The primary objective of this study is to assess if injection of local anesthetic to the laparoscopic trocar sites after a hysterectomy will make a difference in a patient's pain after surgery.

Description:

The growing interest in minimally invasive gynecologic surgeries have increased the number of patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomies. Although many patients are being discharged home the same day of surgery, majority of patients complain of immediate postoperative pain after a laparoscopic hysterectomy. Since postoperative pain is usually transient and improves over a short period of time, infiltration of local anesthetic to trocar insertion sites might alleviate the patient's discomfort during the recovery period. Immediate post-operative pain relief further facilitates early discharge and faster patient recovery.

Published data regarding the effects of preemptive port site local anesthesia in gynecologic operative laparoscopy have been limited and controversial. Visceral pain control through afferent nerve block could minimize pain perception especially during the first postoperative hours. This study aims to assess the influence of infiltration of local anesthetic to trocar insertion sites after laparoscopic hysterectomy on postoperative pain.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 135
• Est. completion date: January 2013
• Est. primary completion date: December 2012
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: Female
• Age group: 18 Years to 80 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients who are scheduled for a laparoscopic hysterectomy for benign indications at the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology's Division of Minimally Invasive Surgery at Milton S. Hershey Medical Center will be included.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients who are scheduled for a hysterectomy through the vaginal or abdominal approach will be excluded. Patients with preoperative indications of endometriosis or chronic pelvic pain will also be excluded since these patients could potentially have higher thresholds of pain.

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Pain, Postoperative

Intervention

Drug:
• Bupivacaine
Bupivacaine (0.25%) will be injected through the closed trocar incisions after completion of the laparoscopic hysterectomy case.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United States	Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center	Hershey	Pennsylvania

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Milton S. Hershey Medical Center

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

References & Publications (10)

Chou YJ, Ou YC, Lan KC, Jawan B, Chang SY, Kung FT. Preemptive analgesia installation during gynecologic laparoscopy: a randomized trial. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2005 Jul-Aug;12(4):330-5. — View Citation

Einarsson JI, Sun J, Orav J, Young AE. Local analgesia in laparoscopy: a randomized trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Dec;104(6):1335-9. — View Citation

Fong SY, Pavy TJ, Yeo ST, Paech MJ, Gurrin LC. Assessment of wound infiltration with bupivacaine in women undergoing day-case gynecological laparoscopy. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2001 Mar-Apr;26(2):131-6. — View Citation

Ghezzi F, Cromi A, Bergamini V, Raffaelli R, Crotti S, Segredini R, Bolis P. Preemptive port site local anesthesia in gynecologic laparoscopy: a randomized, controlled trial. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2005 May-Jun;12(3):210-5. — View Citation

Goldstein A, Grimault P, Henique A, Keller M, Fortin A, Darai E. Preventing postoperative pain by local anesthetic instillation after laparoscopic gynecologic surgery: a placebo-controlled comparison of bupivacaine and ropivacaine. Anesth Analg. 2000 Aug;91(2):403-7. — View Citation

Ke RW, Portera SG, Bagous W, Lincoln SR. A randomized, double-blinded trial of preemptive analgesia in laparoscopy. Obstet Gynecol. 1998 Dec;92(6):972-5. — View Citation

Kim JH, Lee YS, Shin HW, Chang MS, Park YC, Kim WY. Effect of administration of ketorolac and local anaesthetic infiltration for pain relief after laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy. J Int Med Res. 2005 Jul-Aug;33(4):372-8. — View Citation

Marks JL, Ata B, Tulandi T. Systematic review and metaanalysis of intraperitoneal instillation of local anesthetics for reduction of pain after gynecologic laparoscopy. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2012 Sep-Oct;19(5):545-53. doi: 10.1016/j.jmig.2012.04.002. Epub 2012 Jul 3. Review. — View Citation

Saleh A, Fox G, Felemban A, Guerra C, Tulandi T. Effects of local bupivacaine instillation on pain after laparoscopy. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc. 2001 May;8(2):203-6. — View Citation

Salman MA, Yücebas ME, Coskun F, Aypar U. Day-case laparoscopy: a comparison of prophylactic opioid, NSAID or local anesthesia for postoperative analgesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2000 May;44(5):536-42. — View Citation

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Other	Primary Surgical Finding	The primary intra-operative finding found during surgery, defined as one of the following: endometriosis, pelvic adhesive disease, leiomyoma, or other.	Surgical findings will be measured on the day of surgery after completing the procedure.
Primary	Postoperative Pain Score Evaluated by Numerical Rating Scale (NRS)	Postoperative pain is measured on day of surgery after trocar incisions are closed and injected with local anesthetic. Postoperative pain is evaluated with the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) at 4 hrs after the surgery. The Numerical Rating Scale is a scale from 0 to 10 that measures pain severity, where 0 equates to "no pain" and 10 equates to "unable to move".	4 hours
Primary	Postoperative Pain Score	Postoperative pain is measured on day of surgery after trocar incisions are closed and injected with local anesthetic. Postoperative pain is evaluated with the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) at 6 hrs after the surgery. The Numerical Rating Scale is a scale from 0 to 10 that measures pain severity, where 0 equates to "no pain" and 10 equates to "unable to move".	6 hours
Primary	Postoperative Pain Score	Postoperative pain is measured on day of surgery after trocar incisions are closed and injected with local anesthetic. Postoperative pain is evaluated with the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) at 24 hrs after the surgery. The Numerical Rating Scale is a scale from 0 to 10 that measures pain severity, where 0 equates to "no pain" and 10 equates to "unable to move".	24 hours
Secondary	Estimated Blood Loss > 200 mL	Estimated blood loss will be measured in (mL) on the day of surgery after completing the procedure. Blood loss will be categorized as >200 mL vs. <= 200 mL.	day of surgery after procedure completion
Secondary	Surgical Complications	Intraoperative complications include injury to bowel, bladder, blood vessels, nerves and hemorrhage. Perioperative complications include urinary tract infections, urinary retention, ileus, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, pulmonary edema, atelectasis, pneumonia, renal and cerebrovascular morbidity, thromboembolic complications (DVT and PE). Postoperative complications include pulmonary, renal, and cerebrovascular morbidity, wound and vaginal vault complications (infection, separation, and dehiscence), septicemia, thromboembolic events, and re-operation.	From date of randomization up to 12 months
Secondary	Operating Time	Operating time measured in minutes	start to end of patient's surgery
Secondary	Length of Hospital Stay >= 24 Hours	Length of hospital stay will be measured on the day of surgery after completing the procedure to when the patient is discharged from the hospital. Length of stay will be categorized as less than 24 hours vs. greater than or equal to 24 hours.	from time surgery completed to time patient discharged
Secondary	Histopathologic Diagnosis	Histopathologic diagnosis describes the findings seen on tissue pathology and microscopy and is defined as one of the following: endometriosis, leiomyoma, adenomyosis, or other.	Histopathologic diagnosis will be measured on the day of surgery after completing the procedure.