Effect of 8-week Intake of 2S-hesperidin on Performance, Body Composition and Biochemicals Markers in Amateur Cyclists

Oxidative Stress Clinical Trial

— HESPERFORMAN  

Official title:

Effect of 8-week Intake of 2S-hesperidin on Performance, Body Composition and Biochemicals Markers in Amateur Cyclists

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT04597983
• Other study ID #: CE091802
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: September 22, 2018
• Est. completion date: December 21, 2018

Study information

• Verified date: October 2020
• Source: Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

This clinical study evaluates the effect of 500 mg of 2S-hesperidin for 8 weeks on performance (power generated in different metabolic zones), body composition (fat and muscle mass) and biochemical (antioxidant, inflammatory status) and metabolic (capillary blood in finger) markers in amateur cyclists. Our hypothesis is that chronic intake of 2S-hesperidin can improve performance (maximum power generated). To justify this hypothesis, we measured the parameters mentioned above, which could establish a cause-effect relationship between 2S-hesperidin intake and possible yield improvement.

Description:

Participants

All participants were informed about the procedures and provided signed informed consent. The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Helsinki Declaration for Human Research and the protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee/Institutional Review Catholic University of Murcia (Code: CE091802).

Study design

Cyclists were instructed to take the supplement along with breakfast and to continue their usual diet and training schedule. Subjects in both groups were instructed not to consume foods high in citrus flavonoids (grapefruit, lemons or oranges) for 5 days prior to and during the study, this was verified by diet recalls records.

Procedures

Participants visited the laboratory on seven occasions. Visit 1 consisted of a medical examination and blood extraction to determine health status. On visits 2 and 5, a 24-hr diet recall and a Wingate test were performed. On visits 3 and 6, another 24-hour diet recall was conducted, followed by an incremental test until exhaustion on a cycle ergometer. On visits 4 and 7, the 24-hour diet recall was repeated, and participants performed a rectangular test on the cycle ergometer. Prior to each testing session (visits 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7), a standardized breakfast composed of 95.16 g of carbohydrates (68%), 18.86 g of protein (14%) and 11.30 g of lipids (18%) was prescribed by the sport nutritionist.

Pre and post evaluation test

Pre-intervention visits: 1,2,3 and 4 Post-intervention visits: 5,6 and 7

Visit 1:

Health status blood analysis: A general analysis will be performed both in the pre and post-supplementation period. The extraction will be done by venous via. (Fasting)

Medical examination: A clinical history of family and personal history, a resting electrocardiogram (ECG) and a medical examination (auscultation, blood pressure measurement, etc.) will be taken to certify that the person is healthy and not at risk to participate in the study. (Fasting)

Visits 2 and 5:

Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR): A resting test will be performed with the ergospirometer to determine macronutrient supply at rest and caloric expenditure. (Fasting)

Body composition by absorptiometric densitometry (DXA): A body composition test will be performed by the dual energy absorptiometric densitometry technique (X-ray), with the objective of to determine parameters of fat mass, fat-free mass and fat percentage. In addition, anthropometry was also used to determine changes in body composition (fat and muscle mass). (Fasting)

Anaerobic power and mechanical power production: After a standardized breakfast, a Wingate test was performed on a cycloergometer. Wingate test (WAnT) consisted of an all-out 30-s sprint on a cycloergometer (Monark Ergomedic 894E Peak Bike, Vansbro, Sweden). Breaking resistance was held constant at 7.5% of each individual's body mass. All participants were verbally encouraged to pedal as fast as possible during the entire sprint.

Visits 3 and 6:

Incremental step with final ramp test was performed on a cycle ergometer using a metabolic cart (Metalyzer 3B. Leipzig, Germany) to determine maximal fat oxidation zone (FatMax), ventilatory thresholds 1 (VT1) and 2 (VT2) and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). Participants began cycling at 35W for 2 min, increasing then by 35W every 2 min until RER>1.05, initialling then the final ramp (+35W·min-1) until exhaustion. The estimated functional threshold power (FTP) was calculated using the following equation [16]:

FTP (W) = Pmax (W) x 0.865 - 56.484.

Visits 4 and 7:

Rectangular test was performed on a cycle ergometer using the power output values resulting from the maximal test (FatMax, VT1 and VT2). Participants exercised continuously from FatMax, to VT1 and to VT2 for 10 min, without rest. Cardiorespiratory variables (VO2, VO2R, carbohydrate oxidation (CHO), fat oxidation (FAT) and cycling economy) were determined for each metabolic zones.

Urine samples

Main hesperidin metabolites were analysed in participants' urine. Urine samples, corresponding to 24 h urine collection from each participant before and after the supplementation, were frozen in liquid nitrogen after collection and thawed for its analysis.

All the data of the subjects who participated in the study were stored under a computer system with a security key. In addition, a record was also made of some of the paper data that was saved under key, and to which only the researchers of this project had access.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 40
• Est. completion date: December 21, 2018
• Est. primary completion date: December 21, 2018
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: Male
• Age group: 18 Years to 55 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• 18-55 years,

• BMI of 19-25.5 kg·m-2

• At least 3 years of cycling experience and training for 6-12 h·wk-1

Exclusion Criteria:

• Were smokers or regular alcohol drinkers,

• Had a metabolic, cardiorespiratory or digestive pathology or anomaly,

• Had an injury in the prior 6 months

• Were supplementing or medicating in the prior 2 weeks

• Had non-normal values in the blood analysis parameters.

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Acid-Base Imbalance
• Body Weight
• Body Weight Changes
• Change, Body Weight
• Changes Fatty
• Electrolyte Disturbance
• Hypoxia
• Inflammatory Response
• Metabolic Disturbance
• Muscle Loss
• Oxidative Stress
• Oxygen Deficiency
• Power

Intervention

Dietary Supplement:
• 2S-hesperidin
Cardiose® is a natural orange extract that due to its unique manufacturing process, maintains most of the natural hesperidin isomeric form (2S)
• Placebo
Microcellulose was used, this molecule was selected to avoid affecting the glycemia, as it can occur with dextrose or maltodextrin.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Spain	Research Center for High Performance Sport. Catholic University of Murcia	La Ñora	Murcia

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Francisco Javier Martínez Noguera

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Spain, 

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Maximum power	During the incremental test until exhaustion, the power generated was measured maximum power (W)	Throughout study completion, an average of 8 weeks
Primary	Power generated at FatMax	During the incremental test until exhaustion, the power generated was measured in FatMax (W)	Throughout study completion, an average of 8 weeks
Primary	Power generated at ventilatory threshold 1 (VT1)	During the incremental test until exhaustion, the power generated was measured in VT1 (W)	Throughout study completion, an average of 8 weeks
Primary	Power generated at ventilatory threshold 2 (VT2)	During the incremental test until exhaustion, the power generated was measured in VT2 (W)	Throughout study completion, an average of 8 weeks
Secondary	Fat mass	Fat mass (g) was measured by densitometry and anthropometry.	Throughout study completion, an average of 8 weeks
Secondary	Sum of 8 skinfolds	By means of anthropometry, the sum of 8 skinfolds (mm) was calculated.	Throughout study completion, an average of 8 weeks
Secondary	Muscle mass	Muscle mass (g) was measured by densitometry and anthropometry	Throughout study completion, an average of 8 weeks
Secondary	Resting metabolic rate	Resting metabolic rate was measured by indirect calorimetry.	Throughout study completion, an average of 8 weeks
Secondary	Superoxide dismutase (antioxidant marker)	During the rectangular test, superoxide dismutase (U/g Hb) was measured in venous blood.	Superoxide dismutase was measured in pre, after the maximum power phase of the rectangular test and after the recovery phase in pre and post intervention (8 weeks) in both groups.
Secondary	Catalase (antioxidant marker)	During the rectangular test, catalase (U/g Hb) was measured in venous blood.	Catalase was measured in pre, after the maximum power phase of the rectangular test and after the recovery phase in pre and post intervention (8 weeks) in both groups.
Secondary	Reduced glutathione (antioxidant marker)	During the rectangular test, reduced glutathione (GSH) (nmol/mg protein) was measured in venous blood.	Reduced glutathione was measured in pre, after the maximum power phase of the rectangular test and after the recovery phase in pre and post intervention (8 weeks) in both groups.
Secondary	Oxidized glutathione (antioxidant marker)	During the rectangular test, oxidized glutathione (GSSG) (nmol/mg protein) was measured in venous blood.	Oxidized glutathione was measured in pre, after the maximum power phase of the rectangular test and after the recovery phase in pre and post intervention (8 weeks) in both groups.
Secondary	GSSG/GSH ratio (antioxidant marker)	During the rectangular test, GSSG/GSH ratio (%) was measured in venous blood.	GSSG/GSH ratio was measured in pre, after the maximum power phase of the rectangular test and after the recovery phase in pre and post intervention (8 weeks) in both groups.
Secondary	Hemoxigenase 1 (antioxidant marker)	During the rectangular test, hemoxigenase 1 (ng/mL) was measured in venous blood.	Hemoxigenase 1 was measured in pre, after the maximum power phase of the rectangular test and after the recovery phase in pre and post intervention (8 weeks) in both groups.
Secondary	Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (oxidant marker)	During the rectangular test, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) (mcm/L) ( are formed as a byproduct of lipid peroxidation) was measured to determine the oxidative state in venous blood.	Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances was measured in pre, after the maximum power phase of the rectangular test and after the recovery phase in pre and post intervention (8 weeks) in both groups.
Secondary	Interleukin 6 (inflammatory marker)	During the rectangular test, interleukin 6 (pg/ml) was measured in venous blood.	Interleukin 6 was measured in pre, after the maximum power phase of the rectangular test and after the recovery phase in pre and post intervention (8 weeks) in both groups.
Secondary	Tumor necrosis factor (inflammatory marker)	During the rectangular test, tumor necrosis (pg/ml) was measured in venous blood.	Tumor necrosis factor was measured in pre, after the maximum power phase of the rectangular test and after the recovery phase in pre and post intervention (8 weeks) in both groups.
Secondary	C-reactive protein (inflammatory marker)	During the rectangular test, C-reactive protein (mg/L) was measured in venous blood.	C-reactive protein was measured in pre, after the maximum power phase of the rectangular test and after the recovery phase in pre and post intervention (8 weeks) in both groups.
Secondary	Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (inflammatory marker)	During the rectangular test, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (pg/ml) was measured in venous blood.	Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was measured in pre, after the maximum power phase of the rectangular test and after the recovery phase in pre and post intervention (8 weeks) in both groups.
Secondary	Hemoglobin (oximetry marker)	During the rectangular test, hemoglobin (g/dL) was measured using capillary blood obtained from a finger prick and analyzed in a blood gas analyzer (ABL90 FLEX PLUS, Radiometer Iberica, Spain)	Hemoglobin was analyzed pre, at the end of the FatMax phase, VT1, VT2, maximum power, FatMax2 and after the recovery phase of the rectangular test in pre and post intervention (8 weeks) in both groups.)
Secondary	Hematocrit (oximetry marker)	During the rectangular test, hematocrit (%) was measured using capillary blood obtained from a finger prick and analyzed in a blood gas analyzer (ABL90 FLEX PLUS, Radiometer Iberica, Spain)	Hematocrit was analyzed pre, at the end of the FatMax phase, VT1, VT2, maximum power, FatMax2 and after the recovery phase of the rectangular test in pre and post intervention (8 weeks) in both groups.)
Secondary	Oxygen saturation (oximetry marker)	During the rectangular test, oxygen saturation (%) was measured using capillary blood obtained from a finger prick and analyzed in a blood gas analyzer (ABL90 FLEX PLUS, Radiometer Iberica, Spain)	Oxygen saturation was analyzed pre, at the end of the FatMax phase, VT1, VT2, maximum power, FatMax2 and after the recovery phase of the rectangular test in pre and post intervention (8 weeks) in both groups.)
Secondary	Oxygen partial pressure (oximetry marker)	During the rectangular test, oxygen partial pressure (mmHg) was measured using capillary blood obtained from a finger prick and analyzed in a blood gas analyzer (ABL90 FLEX PLUS, Radiometer Iberica, Spain)	Oxygen partial pressure was analyzed pre, at the end of the FatMax phase, VT1, VT2, maximum power, FatMax2 and after the recovery phase of the rectangular test in pre and post intervention (8 weeks) in both groups.)
Secondary	Carbon dioxide partial pressure (oximetry marker)	During the rectangular test, carbon dioxide partial pressure (mmHg) was measured using capillary blood obtained from a finger prick and analyzed in a blood gas analyzer (ABL90 FLEX PLUS, Radiometer Iberica, Spain)	Carbon dioxide partial pressure was analyzed pre, at the end of the FatMax phase, VT1, VT2, maximum power, FatMax2 and after the recovery phase of the rectangular test in pre and post intervention (8 weeks) in both groups.)
Secondary	Oxyhemoglobin (oximetry marker)	During the rectangular test, oxyhemoglobin (%) was measured using capillary blood obtained from a finger prick and analyzed in a blood gas analyzer (ABL90 FLEX PLUS, Radiometer Iberica, Spain)	Oxyhemoglobin was analyzed pre, at the end of the FatMax phase, VT1, VT2, maximum power, FatMax2 and after the recovery phase of the rectangular test in pre and post intervention (8 weeks) in both groups.)
Secondary	Carboxyhemoglobin (oximetry marker)	During the rectangular test, carboxyhemoglobin (%) was measured using capillary blood obtained from a finger prick and analyzed in a blood gas analyzer (ABL90 FLEX PLUS, Radiometer Iberica, Spain)	Carboxyhemoglobin was analyzed pre, at the end of the FatMax phase, VT1, VT2, maximum power, FatMax2 and after the recovery phase of the rectangular test in pre and post intervention (8 weeks) in both groups.)
Secondary	Deoxyhemoglobin (oximetry marker)	During the rectangular test, deoxyhemoglobin (%) was measured using capillary blood obtained from a finger prick and analyzed in a blood gas analyzer (ABL90 FLEX PLUS, Radiometer Iberica, Spain)	Deoxyhemoglobin was analyzed pre, at the end of the FatMax phase, VT1, VT2, maximum power, FatMax2 and after the recovery phase of the rectangular test in pre and post intervention (8 weeks) in both groups.)
Secondary	Methemoglobin (oximetry marker)	During the rectangular test, methemoglobin (%) was measured using capillary blood obtained from a finger prick and analyzed in a blood gas analyzer (ABL90 FLEX PLUS, Radiometer Iberica, Spain)	Methemoglobin was analyzed pre, at the end of the FatMax phase, VT1, VT2, maximum power, FatMax2 and after the recovery phase of the rectangular test in pre and post intervention (8 weeks) in both groups.)
Secondary	Total blood oxygen concentration (oximetry marker)	During the rectangular test, total blood oxygen concentration (mmol/L) was measured using capillary blood obtained from a finger prick and analyzed in a blood gas analyzer (ABL90 FLEX PLUS, Radiometer Iberica, Spain)	Total blood oxygen concentration was analyzed pre, at the end of the FatMax phase, VT1, VT2, maximum power, FatMax2 and after the recovery phase of the rectangular test in pre and post intervention (8 weeks) in both groups.)
Secondary	Total blood carbon dioxide concentration (oximetry marker)	During the rectangular test, total blood carbon dioxide concentration (mmol/L) was measured using capillary blood obtained from a finger prick and analyzed in a blood gas analyzer (ABL90 FLEX PLUS, Radiometer Iberica, Spain)	Total blood carbon dioxide concentration was analyzed pre, at the end of the FatMax phase, VT1, VT2, maximum power, FatMax2 and after the recovery phase of the rectangular test in pre and post intervention (8 weeks) in both groups.)
Secondary	Oxygen partial pressure at 50% oxygen saturation (oximetry marker)	During the rectangular test, oxygen partial pressure at 50% oxygen saturation (mmHg) was measured using capillary blood obtained from a finger prick and analyzed in a blood gas analyzer (ABL90 FLEX PLUS, Radiometer Iberica, Spain)	Oxygen partial pressure at 50% oxygen saturation was analyzed pre, at the end of the FatMax phase, VT1, VT2, maximum power, FatMax2 and after the recovery phase of the rectangular test in pre and post intervention (8 weeks) in both groups.)
Secondary	Relative physiological Shunt (oximetry marker)	During the rectangular test, relative physiological Shunt (%) was measured using capillary blood obtained from a finger prick and analyzed in a blood gas analyzer (ABL90 FLEX PLUS, Radiometer Iberica, Spain)	Relative physiological Shunt was analyzed pre, at the end of the FatMax phase, VT1, VT2, maximum power, FatMax2 and after the recovery phase of the rectangular test in pre and post intervention (8 weeks) in both groups.)
Secondary	Alveolar-arterial gradient (oximetry marker)	During the rectangular test, alveolar-arterial gradient (mmHg) was measured using capillary blood obtained from a finger prick and analyzed in a blood gas analyzer (ABL90 FLEX PLUS, Radiometer Iberica, Spain)	Alveolar-arterial gradient was analyzed pre, at the end of the FatMax phase, VT1, VT2, maximum power, FatMax2 and after the recovery phase of the rectangular test in pre and post intervention (8 weeks) in both groups.)
Secondary	Bicarbonate (metabolic marker)	During the rectangular test, bicarbonate (mmol/L) wasa measured using capillary blood obtained from a finger prick and analyzed in a blood gas analyzer (ABL90 FLEX PLUS, Radiometer Iberica, Spain)	Bicarbonate was analyzed pre, at the end of the FatMax phase, VT1, VT2, maximum power, FatMax2 and after the recovery phase of the rectangular test in pre and post intervention (8 weeks) in both groups.)
Secondary	Glucose (metabolic marker)	During the rectangular test, glucose (mg/dL) was measured using capillary blood obtained from a finger prick and analyzed in a blood gas analyzer (ABL90 FLEX PLUS, Radiometer Iberica, Spain)	Glucose was analyzed pre, at the end of the FatMax phase, VT1, VT2, maximum power, FatMax2 and after the recovery phase of the rectangular test in pre and post intervention (8 weeks) in both groups.)
Secondary	Lactate (metabolic marker)	During the rectangular test, lactate (mmol/L) was measured using capillary blood obtained from a finger prick and analyzed in a blood gas analyzer (ABL90 FLEX PLUS, Radiometer Iberica, Spain)	Lactate was analyzed pre, at the end of the FatMax phase, VT1, VT2, maximum power, FatMax2 and after the recovery phase of the rectangular test in pre and post intervention (8 weeks) in both groups.)
Secondary	pH (metabolic marker)	During the rectangular test, pH was measured using capillary blood obtained from a finger prick and analyzed in a blood gas analyzer (ABL90 FLEX PLUS, Radiometer Iberica, Spain)	pH was analyzed pre, at the end of the FatMax phase, VT1, VT2, maximum power, FatMax2 and after the recovery phase of the rectangular test in pre and post intervention (8 weeks) in both groups.)
Secondary	Actual base excess (metabolic marker)	During the rectangular test, actual base excess (mmol/L) was measured using capillary blood obtained from a finger prick and analyzed in a blood gas analyzer (ABL90 FLEX PLUS, Radiometer Iberica, Spain)	Actual base excess was analyzed pre, at the end of the FatMax phase, VT1, VT2, maximum power, FatMax2 and after the recovery phase of the rectangular test in pre and post intervention (8 weeks) in both groups.)
Secondary	Standard base excess (metabolic marker)	During the rectangular test, standard base excess (mmol/L) was measured using capillary blood obtained from a finger prick and analyzed in a blood gas analyzer (ABL90 FLEX PLUS, Radiometer Iberica, Spain)	Standard base excess was analyzed pre, at the end of the FatMax phase, VT1, VT2, maximum power, FatMax2 and after the recovery phase of the rectangular test in pre and post intervention (8 weeks) in both groups.)
Secondary	Sodium (metabolic marker)	During the rectangular test, sodium (mmol/L) was measured using capillary blood obtained from a finger prick and analyzed in a blood gas analyzer (ABL90 FLEX PLUS, Radiometer Iberica, Spain)	Sodium was analyzed pre, at the end of the FatMax phase, VT1, VT2, maximum power, FatMax2 and after the recovery phase of the rectangular test in pre and post intervention (8 weeks) in both groups.)
Secondary	Potassium (metabolic marker)	During the rectangular test, potassium (mmol/L) was measured using capillary blood obtained from a finger prick and analyzed in a blood gas analyzer (ABL90 FLEX PLUS, Radiometer Iberica, Spain)	Potassium was analyzed pre, at the end of the FatMax phase, VT1, VT2, maximum power, FatMax2 and after the recovery phase of the rectangular test in pre and post intervention (8 weeks) in both groups.)
Secondary	Chloride (metabolic marker)	During the rectangular test, chloride (mmol/L) was measured using capillary blood obtained from a finger prick and analyzed in a blood gas analyzer (ABL90 FLEX PLUS, Radiometer Iberica, Spain)	Chloride was analyzed pre, at the end of the FatMax phase, VT1, VT2, maximum power, FatMax2 and after the recovery phase of the rectangular test in pre and post intervention (8 weeks) in both groups.)
Secondary	Calcium (metabolic marker)	During the rectangular test, calcium (mmol/L) was measured using capillary blood obtained from a finger prick and analyzed in a blood gas analyzer (ABL90 FLEX PLUS, Radiometer Iberica, Spain)	Calcium was analyzed pre, at the end of the FatMax phase, VT1, VT2, maximum power, FatMax2 and after the recovery phase of the rectangular test in pre and post intervention (8 weeks) in both groups.)

External Links

•   Research Center for High Performance Sport. Catholic University of Murcia