Impact of Timing of Midazolam Administration on Incidence of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting

Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Clinical Trial

Official title:

Impact of Timing of Midazolam Administration on Incidence of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Gynecological Surgery; a Randomized Double-blinded Controlled Study

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT05057767
• Other study ID #: RC-12-8-2021
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: September 10, 2021
• Est. completion date: July 31, 2022

Study information

• Verified date: September 2021
• Source: Benha University
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), defined as nausea and/or vomiting occurring within 24 hours after surgery, affects between 20% and 30% of patients, As many as 70% to 80% of patients at high risk may be affected. The etiology of PONV is thought to be multifactorial, involving individual, anaesthetic and surgical risk factors. PONV results in increased patient discomfort and dissatisfaction and in increased costs related to length of hospital stay. Serious medical complications such as pulmonary aspiration, although uncommon, are also associated with vomiting.

Patients with a higher risk of PONV often require a combination or multimodal approach of 2 or more interventions for effective risk reduction. Thus, researchers have explored additional nontraditional antiemetics, such as midazolam, that would aid in the multimodal prevention of PONV.

Description:

Midazolam is often administered in the perioperative period to reduce anxiety in addition to causing sedation and amnesia. The pharmacologic qualities allow for a rapid onset, short duration, and short half-life. The clinical effects of midazolam result from an agonist action on the γ-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptor throughout the central nervous system. Benzodiazepines do not work directly on the GABA receptor, so there is a physiologic ceiling effect, which contributes to their safety and low toxicity.

Although the exact antiemetic mechanisms remain unknown, researchers postulate that midazolam works on the chemoreceptor trigger zone by reducing the synthesis, release, and postsynaptic dopamine. It remains debatable whether midazolam reduces dopamine directly or blocks the reuptake of adenosine leading to an adenosine-mediated reduction of dopamine release. Additionally, the binding of midazolam to the GABA benzodiazepine complex may cause dopaminergic neuronal activity and the release of 5-hydroxytryptamine. The reduction of PONV may also be a secondary effect of the anxiolytic properties of benzodiazepines.

Despite literature demonstrating the PONV benefits of midazolam in the perioperative period, But the timing of administration of this drug is still not well established. As it is known that it has half-life of about 1.5 - 2.5 hours and the controversies remain whether to administer this drug preoperatively or postoperatively to prevent PONV. So this comparative study is designed to know the better time for administration of this drug to prevent PONV and to improve patient satisfaction.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 120
• Est. completion date: July 31, 2022
• Est. primary completion date: June 30, 2022
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: Female
• Age group: 20 Years to 60 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Female patients

• aged twenty to sixty years old

• The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification grade I or II

• Scheduled for laparoscopic gynecological surgeries under general anesthesia.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients who have gastrointestinal disorders,

• histories of PONV after a previous surgery,

• Renal or liver dysfunction,

• history of motion sickness,

• Have received any opioid, steroid, or antiemetic medication in the 24hs before surgery, and

• Pregnant or menstruating women.

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Nausea
• Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
• Vomiting

Intervention

Drug:
• Midazolam injection
No premedication will be given to Patients in the group undergoing a standardized anesthesia protocol which include induction with thiopental (5 mg/kg) and fentanyl (1-2 µg/kg). Atracurium will be used as a muscle relaxant. After tracheal intubation, anesthesia will be maintained with isoflurane in a concentration of 0.8%-1.2%. Ventilation will be adjusted to produce normocapnia. At the end of surgery, reversal of residual neuromuscular blockade will be accomplished using i.v. atropine 20 µg/Kg and neostigmine 40 µg/kg.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Egypt	Samar Rafik Mohamed Amin	Banha	Qalubia

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Benha University

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Egypt, 

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Post Operative Nausea Vomiting assessment	Nausea will be recorded according to the following scale: 0 none; 1 mild (patient able to eat); 2 moderate (oral intake significantly decreased); and 3 severe (no significant oral intake necessitating iv fluid). The absence of nausea will be defined as complete protection from nausea. An emetic episode will be defined as a single vomit or retch, or any number of continuous vomiting episodes or retches (one emetic episode should be separated from another by an absence of vomiting or retching for at least 1 min). The absence of emetic episodes will be defined as complete protection from vomiting.	24 hours postoperative
Secondary	requirements of rescue antiemetic	Rescue medication (metoclopramide 10 mg) will be given intravenously if patient is nauseous for more than 15 min or experiences retching or vomiting during the observation periods. The treatment will be repeated if necessary	24 hours postoperative
Secondary	Observer's Assessment of Alertness/ Sedation (OAA/S) scale	a six-point scale ranging from 5 to 0 that involves eliciting a response to increasingly intense stimuli that begin with speaking with a normal voice to prodding or shaking and finally to a painful stimulus (trapezius squeeze).	120 minutes postoperative
Secondary	Pain intensity score	measured with a visual analog scale (VAS) from 0 (no pain) to 10 (the worst possible pain).	24 hours postoperative