Nitric Oxide Gas Inhalation for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in COVID-19.

SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) Clinical Trial

— NOSARSCOVID  

Official title:

Nitric Oxide Gas Inhalation Therapy for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Due to COVID-19.

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Withdrawn

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT04290871
• Other study ID #: NO-SARS-COVID-19
• Status: Withdrawn
• Phase: Phase 2
• Start date: January 16, 2023
• Est. completion date: April 1, 2024

Study information

• Verified date: February 2023
• Source: Xijing Hospital
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

The investigators will enroll 104 patients with severe COVID-19 infection that mechanical ventilation is needed for respiratory support. Patients will be randomized to receive either inhaled nitric oxide (per protocol) or a placebo. ICU Standards of care will be the institution's own protocols (such as ventilation strategies and use and dose of antivirals and antimicrobials, steroids, inotropic and vasopressor agents).

Description:

The outbreak of COVID-19 and its global pandemic have posed a threat to public health. The deadly virus, SARS-CoV-2, has been evolving to new, more infectious variant and other lineages with additional immune escape mutations. The highly transmissible Omicron variant has been present for around one year and has supplanted Delta as the leading strain in the global pandemic. Although the severity of symptoms caused by the Omicron variant is significantly reduced when compared to its earlier variants, people who are infected with Omicron have the full spectrum of disease, everything from asymptomatic infection all the way through severe disease and death. People with underlying conditions, advanced age, and unvaccinated can have a severe form of COVID-19 following infection from Omicron. On December 7, 2022, the State Council of China issued an announcement on further optimization of measures for preventing and controlling the COVID-19 epidemic ( easing of rigorous "zero COVID" policies). Since then, the rapid spread of COVID-19 has caused surge of COVID-19 infections in majority of China, which caused a dramatic increase of severe cases.

In severe cases with COVID-19 infection significantly affects the respiratory functions by massively disrupting the pulmonary oxygenation and activating the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines, inducing severe oxidative stress, enhanced vascular permeability, and endothelial dysfunction which have rendered researchers and clinicians to depend on prophylactic treatment due to the unavailability of proper disease management approaches. Inhaled nitric oxide gas (NO) has shown antiviral activity against Coronavirus during the 2003 SARS outbreak. Previous studies have indicated that nitric oxide (NO) application appears to be significant concerning the antiviral activities, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties in relieving disease-related symptoms. Inhaled nitric oxide had been widely used during the Covid-19 pandemic. In the scoping and systemic reviews, it was demonstrated that nitric oxide inhalation was effective in improve oxygenation, cardiopulmonary function, and fasten virus clearance. The investigators designed this study to assess whether inhaled NO improves respiratory recovery in patients affected with severe COVID-19 infection.

Here, the investigators propose a randomized clinical trial aimed to improve recovery of the disease in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome.

Control group: the institutional standard of care will be delivered. Treatment group: In addition to standard therapy, the subjects will receive inhalation of NO. Inspired NO/N2 will be delivered at 80 parts per million (ppm) in the first 48 hours of enrollment (within 48 hours after initiation of mechanical ventilation). Weaning from NO will start after 48-h consecutive NO inhalation. Physician will follow their own institutional weaning protocols. In the absence of institutional protocols, NO will be reduced every 4 hours in step-wise fashion starting from 40 ppm to 20, 10, 5, 3, 2 and 1 ppm. If hypoxemia (SpO2 < 93%) or acute hypotension (systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg) occurs during weaning, NO should be increased to a prior higher concentration.

Safety: prolonged treatment with inhaled NO can lead to increased methemoglobin levels. Blood levels of methemoglobin will be monitored via a non-invasive CO-oximeter or MetHb levels in blood. If methemoglobin levels rise above 5% at any point of the study, inhaled NO concentration will be halved.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Withdrawn
• Enrollment: 0
• Est. completion date: April 1, 2024
• Est. primary completion date: December 31, 2023
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age =18 years

2. Diagnosed Covid-19 infection

3. Severe cases of Covid-19 infection needs mechanical ventilation

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Physician makes a decision that trial involvement is not in the patient's best interest or any condition that does not allow the protocol to be followed safely

2. Pregnant or positive pregnancy test in a pre-dose examination

3. mechanical ventilation initiated for more than 48 hrs

4. Rescue Use ECMO

5. With severe organ dysfunction or failure (Child Pugh=12, eGFRC30 ml/min/1.73m2, on RRT or dialysis)

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• COVID-19
• SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)
• Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
• Syndrome

Intervention

Drug:
• Nitric Oxide Gas
Inspired NO/N2 will be delivered at 80 parts per million (ppm) in the first 48 hours of enrollment (within 48 hours after initiation of mechanical ventilation). Weaning from NO will start after 48-h consecutive NO inhalation. The physicians will follow their own institutional weaning protocols.

Other:
• The delivery system will be set up anyway without study gas administration
The delivery system will be set up anyway without study gas administration

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
n/a

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Xijing Hospital

References & Publications (12)

Al Sulaiman K, Korayem GB, Altebainawi AF, Al Harbi S, Alissa A, Alharthi A, Kensara R, Alfahed A, Vishwakarma R, Al Haji H, Almohaimid N, Al Zumai O, Alrubayan F, Asiri A, Alkahtani N, Alolayan A, Alsohimi S, Melibari N, Almagthali A, Aljahdali S, Alenaz — View Citation

Chen L, Liu P, Gao H, Sun B, Chao D, Wang F, Zhu Y, Hedenstierna G, Wang CG. Inhalation of nitric oxide in the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome: a rescue trial in Beijing. Clin Infect Dis. 2004 Nov 15;39(10):1531-5. doi: 10.1086/425357. Epub 2004 Oct 22. — View Citation

Fang W, Jiang J, Su L, Shu T, Liu H, Lai S, Ghiladi RA, Wang J. The role of NO in COVID-19 and potential therapeutic strategies. Free Radic Biol Med. 2021 Feb 1;163:153-162. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.008. Epub 2020 Dec 22. — View Citation

Garfield B, McFadyen C, Briar C, Bleakley C, Vlachou A, Baldwin M, Lees N, Price S, Ledot S, McCabe C, Wort SJ, Patel BV, Price LC. Potential for personalised application of inhaled nitric oxide in COVID-19 pneumonia. Br J Anaesth. 2021 Feb;126(2):e72-e75. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.11.006. Epub 2020 Nov 14. No abstract available. — View Citation

Ghosh A, Joseph B, Anil S. Nitric Oxide in the Management of Respiratory Consequences in COVID-19: A Scoping Review of a Different Treatment Approach. Cureus. 2022 Apr 5;14(4):e23852. doi: 10.7759/cureus.23852. eCollection 2022 Apr. — View Citation

Keyaerts E, Vijgen L, Chen L, Maes P, Hedenstierna G, Van Ranst M. Inhibition of SARS-coronavirus infection in vitro by S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine, a nitric oxide donor compound. Int J Infect Dis. 2004 Jul;8(4):223-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2004.04.012. — View Citation

Montiel V, Lobysheva I, Gerard L, Vermeersch M, Perez-Morga D, Castelein T, Mesland JB, Hantson P, Collienne C, Gruson D, van Dievoet MA, Persu A, Beauloye C, Dechamps M, Belkhir L, Robert A, Derive M, Laterre PF, Danser AHJ, Wittebole X, Balligand JL. Oxidative stress-induced endothelial dysfunction and decreased vascular nitric oxide in COVID-19 patients. EBioMedicine. 2022 Mar;77:103893. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103893. Epub 2022 Feb 23. — View Citation

Valsecchi C, Winterton D, Safaee Fakhr B, Collier AY, Nozari A, Ortoleva J, Mukerji S, Gibson LE, Carroll RW, Shaefi S, Pinciroli R, La Vita C, Ackman JB, Hohmann E, Arora P, Barth WH Jr, Kaimal A, Ichinose F, Berra L; DELiverly oF iNO (DELFiNO) Network Collaborators. High-Dose Inhaled Nitric Oxide for the Treatment of Spontaneously Breathing Pregnant Patients With Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia. Obstet Gynecol. 2022 Aug 1;140(2):195-203. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000004847. Epub 2022 Jul 6. — View Citation

Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, Wang B, Xiang H, Cheng Z, Xiong Y, Zhao Y, Li Y, Wang X, Peng Z. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020 Mar 17;323(11):1061-1069. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.1585. Erratum In: JAMA. 2021 Mar 16;325(11):1113. — View Citation

Xu Z, Shi L, Wang Y, Zhang J, Huang L, Zhang C, Liu S, Zhao P, Liu H, Zhu L, Tai Y, Bai C, Gao T, Song J, Xia P, Dong J, Zhao J, Wang FS. Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet Respir Med. 2020 Apr;8(4):420-422. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30076-X. Epub 2020 Feb 18. No abstract available. Erratum In: Lancet Respir Med. 2020 Feb 25;: — View Citation

Yang X, Yu Y, Xu J, Shu H, Xia J, Liu H, Wu Y, Zhang L, Yu Z, Fang M, Yu T, Wang Y, Pan S, Zou X, Yuan S, Shang Y. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. Lancet Respir Med. 2020 May;8(5):475-481. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30079-5. Epub 2020 Feb 24. Erratum In: Lancet Respir Med. 2020 Apr;8(4):e26. — View Citation

Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, Zhao X, Huang B, Shi W, Lu R, Niu P, Zhan F, Ma X, Wang D, Xu W, Wu G, Gao GF, Tan W; China Novel Coronavirus Investigating and Research Team. A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med. 2020 Feb 20;382(8):727-733. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001017. Epub 2020 Jan 24. — View Citation

* Note: There are 12 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Ventilation free days (VFDs)	count the days that patients do not need mechanical ventilation	28 days since beginning of treatment
Secondary	Survival at 28 days	count the number of patients that survive to 28 days after randomization	28 days
Secondary	Survival at 90 days	count the number of patients that survive to 90 days after randomization	90 days
Secondary	WHO COVID Ordinal Outcomes Scale	8 score scale, where no limitation of activity =1, death = 8	28 days
Secondary	time to improvement of oxygenation	time from randomization to PaO2/FiO2 =300 at room air	through oxygenation improvement, an average of 2 days
Secondary	MODS needs life support	Incidence of organ failure need support of RRT, VA-ECMO, LVAD, IABP, Prone ventilation, etc	28 days
Secondary	duration of mechanical ventilation	days when mechanical ventilation are used	through wean of mechanical ventilation, an average of 10 days
Secondary	Length of ICU stay and hospital stay	count days when patients stay in ICU and hospital	through discharge from ICU or hospital, an average of 20 days
Secondary	SOFA score	Sequential (sepsis-related) organ failure assessment (SOFA) score.	at 48 hours, 72 hours, and 7 days after randomization