| Eligibility |
Inclusion Criteria:
1. Healthy Males or females between 18 and 40 years of age. Determined to be American
Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) 1 subjects.
2. Ability to provide written informed consent.
Exclusion Criteria:
1. Subjects with potential difficult airway as determined by the anesthesiologist
2. History of or family history of difficulty with anesthesia or sedation procedures
3. Known intolerance to dexmedetomidine
4. Body mass index >30
5. Subjects with any of the following: narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and/or
abnormal sleeping patterns (including but not limited to those who use a Continuous
positive Airway Pressure (C-PAP) machine, sleeping during the day, using medication to
fall asleep, subjects reporting snoring as determined by self- report using Snoring,
Tiredness, Observed apnea, Blood pressure, Body mass index, Age, Neck circumference
and Gender (STOP-BANG) questionnaire (i) for undiagnosed OSA (3 or more 'yes' answers
will exclude) and/or medical history;
6. Subjects with a history of restless leg syndrome as determined by self-report and/or
medical history;
7. Use, in the past two weeks, of psychoactive medications (four weeks for fluoxetine) or
medications that may affect brain function (including but not limited to opioid
analgesics, antidepressants, antipsychotics, benzodiazepines and barbiturates) as
determined by self-report and/or medical history;
8. Current or past Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V)
diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder if it was severe enough to require the use of
medications and or hospitalization to treat the condition.
9. Major medical problems that can impact brain function (e.g., problems of the Central
Nervous System including seizures and psychosis; cardiovascular disease including
hypertension and arrhythmias; metabolic, autoimmune, endocrine disorders) as
determined by self-report, medical history and/or clinical exam;
10. Hepatic dysfunction or impairment as determined by subjects' self-reported history
11. Head trauma with loss of consciousness for more than 60 minutes as determined by
self-report and/or medical history;
12. Positive urine test for controlled substances (cocaine, methamphetamine, amphetamines,
opioids, cannabinoids, benzodiazepines and barbiturates) at the screening visit and at
each visit of imaging study and neuropsychological assessment;
13. Positive urine pregnancy test;
14. Nursing mothers will be excluded
15. Presence of ferromagnetic objects in the body that are contraindicated for MRI of the
head (including but not limited to pacemakers or other implanted electrical devices,
brain stimulators, some types of dental implants, aneurysm clips, metallic prostheses,
permanent eyeliner, large tattoos, implanted delivery pump, or shrapnel fragments) or
fear of enclosed spaces as determined by the self-report checklist.
16. Fear of enclosed spaces (claustrophobia) as determined by self-report and medical
history.
17. Cannot lie comfortably flat on the back for up to 3 hours in the MRI scanner as
determined by self- report.
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