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Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

NCT number NCT03335527
Other study ID # 2017[13]
Secondary ID
Status Completed
Phase Phase 4
First received
Last updated
Start date November 17, 2017
Est. completion date November 30, 2019

Study information

Verified date December 2019
Source Peking University First Hospital
Contact n/a
Is FDA regulated No
Health authority
Study type Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Sleep disturbances frequently occur in intensive care unit (ICU) patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. In a previous study, sedative dose dexmedetomidine (median 0.6 microgram/kg/h) improved sleep quality in mechanically ventilated patients. However, for mechanically ventilated patients, light sedation is better than deep sedation for the outcomes, which is manifested as shortened length of ICU stay, shortened duration of mechanical ventilation, and decreased mortality. In a recent study of the investigators, non-sedative low-dose dexmedetomidine (0.1 microgram/kg/h) improved sleep quality in non-mechanically ventilated elderly patients admitted to the ICU after surgery. The investigators hypothesize that, in mechanically ventilated patients who are admitted to the ICU after surgery, low-dose dexmedetomidine may also improve sleep quality.


Description:

Sleep is severely disturbed in mechanically ventilated ICU patients, especially those after surgery. Polysomnographic studies performed in these patients demonstrated a severe increase in sleep fragmentation, prolonged N1 and N2 sleep, reduced N3 and REM sleep, and an abnormal distribution of sleep because almost half of the total sleep time occurred during the daytime. Patients reported little or no sleep, poor sleep quality, frequent awakening, and daytime sleep.

Many factors are responsible for sleep disturbance in postoperative ICU patients with mechanical ventilation, these include the severity of surgical stress and illness, ICU environment, mechanical ventilation, pain, sedatives and analgesics, and various other therapy. Sleep disturbances produce harmful effects on postoperative outcomes. It is associated with increased prevalence of delirium, cardiac events and worse functional recovery. Moreover, patients with sleep disturbances are more sensitive to pain.

Unlike other sedative agents, dexmedetomidine exerts its sedative effects through an endogenous sleep-promoting pathway and produces a N2 sleep-like state. In mechanically ventilated ICU patients, nighttime infusion of sedative dose of dexmedetomidine (median 0.6 microgram/kg/h) preserved the day-night cycle of sleep and improved the sleep architecture by increasing sleep efficiency and stage N2 sleep.

Studies showed that, in mechanically ventilated patients, light sedation is better than deep sedation for patients' outcomes, including shortened duration of ventilation and length of ICU stay, and decreased mortality. Some studies even showed that no sedation (analgesia only) is better than sedation. In a recent study of non mechanical ventilated elderly patients who were admitted to the ICU after surgery, non-sedative low-dose dexmedetomidine infusion (at a rate of 0.1 microgram/kg/h during the night on the day of surgery) increased the percentage of stage N2 sleep (and decreased the percentage of N1 sleep), prolonged the total sleep time, increased the sleep efficiency, and improved the subjective sleep quality.

The investigators hypothesize that, in mechanically ventilated patients who were admitted to the ICU after surgery, low-dose dexmedetomidine infusion may also improve sleep quality.


Recruitment information / eligibility

Status Completed
Enrollment 80
Est. completion date November 30, 2019
Est. primary completion date October 31, 2019
Accepts healthy volunteers No
Gender All
Age group 18 Years and older
Eligibility Inclusion Criteria:

- aged 18 years or older;

- admitted to the ICU after surgery;

- with an expected duration of mechanical ventilation of more than 12 hours (admitted before 21:00 on the day of surgery and extubated after 06:00 on the first day after surgery).

Exclusion Criteria:

- refused to participate;

- aged less than 18 years;

- pregnant;

- preoperative history of schizophrenia, epilepsy, parkinsonism, or myasthenia gravis;

- inability to communicate in the preoperative period (coma, profound dementia, or language barrier);

- brain injury or neurosurgery;

- known preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction less than 30%, sick sinus syndrome, severe sinus bradycardia (<50 beats per min), or second degree or greater atrioventricular block without pacemaker, systolic blood pressure less than 90 mmHg despite continuous infusions of vasopressors before the start of study drugs infusion;

- serious hepatic dysfunction (Child-Pugh class C);

- serious renal dysfunction (undergoing dialysis before surgery);

- less likelihood to survive for more than 24 hours;

- preoperative history of sleep disorders (requirement of hypnotics/sedatives during the last month) or history of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea);

- allergy to the study drugs;

- other conditions that are considered unsuitable for study participation.

Study Design


Related Conditions & MeSH terms


Intervention

Drug:
Dexmedetomidine
Dexmedetomidine is administered as a continuous intravenous infusion at a rate of 0.1-0.2 ug/kg/h (0.025-0.05 ml/kg/h) from study recruitment in the ICU during mechanical ventilation, for no more than 72 hours.
Placebo (normal saline)
Placebo (normal saline) is administered as a continuous intravenous infusion at a rate of 0.025-0.05 ml/kg/h from study recruitment in the ICU during mechanical ventilation, for no more than 72 hours.

Locations

Country Name City State
China Peking University First Hospital Beijing Beijing

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor Collaborator
Peking University First Hospital

Country where clinical trial is conducted

China, 

References & Publications (38)

Alexopoulou C, Kondili E, Diamantaki E, Psarologakis C, Kokkini S, Bolaki M, Georgopoulos D. Effects of dexmedetomidine on sleep quality in critically ill patients: a pilot study. Anesthesiology. 2014 Oct;121(4):801-7. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000361. — View Citation

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Balzer F, Weiß B, Kumpf O, Treskatsch S, Spies C, Wernecke KD, Krannich A, Kastrup M. Early deep sedation is associated with decreased in-hospital and two-year follow-up survival. Crit Care. 2015 Apr 28;19:197. doi: 10.1186/s13054-015-0929-2. — View Citation

Combes A, Costa MA, Trouillet JL, Baudot J, Mokhtari M, Gibert C, Chastre J. Morbidity, mortality, and quality-of-life outcomes of patients requiring >or=14 days of mechanical ventilation. Crit Care Med. 2003 May;31(5):1373-81. — View Citation

Cooper AB, Thornley KS, Young GB, Slutsky AS, Stewart TE, Hanly PJ. Sleep in critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Chest. 2000 Mar;117(3):809-18. Erratum in: Chest 2001 Mar;119(3):993. — View Citation

Elliott R, McKinley S, Cistulli P, Fien M. Characterisation of sleep in intensive care using 24-hour polysomnography: an observational study. Crit Care. 2013 Mar 18;17(2):R46. doi: 10.1186/cc12565. — View Citation

Elliott R, McKinley S, Cistulli P. The quality and duration of sleep in the intensive care setting: an integrative review. Int J Nurs Stud. 2011 Mar;48(3):384-400. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2010.11.006. Epub 2010 Dec 24. Review. — View Citation

Fanfulla F, Ceriana P, D'Artavilla Lupo N, Trentin R, Frigerio F, Nava S. Sleep disturbances in patients admitted to a step-down unit after ICU discharge: the role of mechanical ventilation. Sleep. 2011 Mar 1;34(3):355-62. — View Citation

Fernandes NM, Nield LE, Popel N, Cantor WJ, Plante S, Goldman L, Prabhakar M, Manlhiot C, McCrindle BW, Miner SE. Symptoms of disturbed sleep predict major adverse cardiac events after percutaneous coronary intervention. Can J Cardiol. 2014 Jan;30(1):118-24. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2013.07.009. Epub 2013 Oct 16. — View Citation

Finan PH, Goodin BR, Smith MT. The association of sleep and pain: an update and a path forward. J Pain. 2013 Dec;14(12):1539-52. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2013.08.007. Review. — View Citation

Freedman NS, Gazendam J, Levan L, Pack AI, Schwab RJ. Abnormal sleep/wake cycles and the effect of environmental noise on sleep disruption in the intensive care unit. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001 Feb;163(2):451-7. — View Citation

Friese RS, Diaz-Arrastia R, McBride D, Frankel H, Gentilello LM. Quantity and quality of sleep in the surgical intensive care unit: are our patients sleeping? J Trauma. 2007 Dec;63(6):1210-4. doi: 10.1097/TA.0b013e31815b83d7. — View Citation

Friese RS. Sleep and recovery from critical illness and injury: a review of theory, current practice, and future directions. Crit Care Med. 2008 Mar;36(3):697-705. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0B013E3181643F29. Review. — View Citation

Gabor JY, Cooper AB, Crombach SA, Lee B, Kadikar N, Bettger HE, Hanly PJ. Contribution of the intensive care unit environment to sleep disruption in mechanically ventilated patients and healthy subjects. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003 Mar 1;167(5):708-15. — View Citation

Gehlbach BK, Chapotot F, Leproult R, Whitmore H, Poston J, Pohlman M, Miller A, Pohlman AS, Nedeltcheva A, Jacobsen JH, Hall JB, Van Cauter E. Temporal disorganization of circadian rhythmicity and sleep-wake regulation in mechanically ventilated patients receiving continuous intravenous sedation. Sleep. 2012 Aug 1;35(8):1105-14. doi: 10.5665/sleep.1998. — View Citation

Granja C, Lopes A, Moreira S, Dias C, Costa-Pereira A, Carneiro A; JMIP Study Group. Patients' recollections of experiences in the intensive care unit may affect their quality of life. Crit Care. 2005 Apr;9(2):R96-109. Epub 2005 Jan 31. — View Citation

Hughes CG, Girard TD, Pandharipande PP. Daily sedation interruption versus targeted light sedation strategies in ICU patients. Crit Care Med. 2013 Sep;41(9 Suppl 1):S39-45. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3182a168c5. Review. Erratum in: Crit Care Med. 2013 Nov;41(11):e400. — View Citation

International Conference on Harmonisation of technical requirements for registration of pharmaceuticals for human use. ICH harmonized tripartite guideline: Guideline for Good Clinical Practice. J Postgrad Med. 2001 Jan-Mar;47(1):45-50. — View Citation

Kanji S, Mera A, Hutton B, Burry L, Rosenberg E, MacDonald E, Luks V. Pharmacological interventions to improve sleep in hospitalised adults: a systematic review. BMJ Open. 2016 Jul 29;6(7):e012108. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012108. Review. — View Citation

Kjølhede P, Langström P, Nilsson P, Wodlin NB, Nilsson L. The impact of quality of sleep on recovery from fast-track abdominal hysterectomy. J Clin Sleep Med. 2012 Aug 15;8(4):395-402. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.2032. — View Citation

Nedergaard HK, Jensen HI, Lauridsen JT, Sjøgaard G, Toft P. Non-sedation versus sedation with a daily wake-up trial in critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation--effects on physical function: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial: a substudy of the NONSEDA trial. Trials. 2015 Jul 23;16:310. doi: 10.1186/s13063-015-0856-1. — View Citation

Nedergaard HK, Jensen HI, Stylsvig M, Lauridsen JT, Toft P. Non-sedation versus sedation with a daily wake-up trial in critically ill patients recieving mechanical ventilation - effects on long-term cognitive function: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial, a substudy of the NONSEDA trial. Trials. 2016 Jun 1;17(1):269. doi: 10.1186/s13063-016-1390-5. — View Citation

Nelson LE, Lu J, Guo T, Saper CB, Franks NP, Maze M. The alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist dexmedetomidine converges on an endogenous sleep-promoting pathway to exert its sedative effects. Anesthesiology. 2003 Feb;98(2):428-36. — View Citation

Pandharipande PP, Pun BT, Herr DL, Maze M, Girard TD, Miller RR, Shintani AK, Thompson JL, Jackson JC, Deppen SA, Stiles RA, Dittus RS, Bernard GR, Ely EW. Effect of sedation with dexmedetomidine vs lorazepam on acute brain dysfunction in mechanically ventilated patients: the MENDS randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2007 Dec 12;298(22):2644-53. — View Citation

Parsons EC, Kross EK, Caldwell ES, Kapur VK, McCurry SM, Vitiello MV, Hough CL. Post-discharge insomnia symptoms are associated with quality of life impairment among survivors of acute lung injury. Sleep Med. 2012 Sep;13(8):1106-9. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2012.05.010. Epub 2012 Jul 2. — View Citation

Parthasarathy S, Tobin MJ. Effect of ventilator mode on sleep quality in critically ill patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002 Dec 1;166(11):1423-9. Epub 2002 Sep 5. — View Citation

Porhomayon J, Joude P, Adlparvar G, El-Solh AA, Nader ND. The Impact of High Versus Low Sedation Dosing Strategy on Cognitive Dysfunction in Survivors of Intensive Care Units: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res. 2015;7(2):43-8. doi: 10.15171/jcvtr.2015.10. Review. — View Citation

Schiza SE, Simantirakis E, Bouloukaki I, Mermigkis C, Arfanakis D, Chrysostomakis S, Chlouverakis G, Kallergis EM, Vardas P, Siafakas NM. Sleep patterns in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Sleep Med. 2010 Feb;11(2):149-53. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2009.07.016. Epub 2010 Jan 18. — View Citation

Slatore CG, Goy ER, O'hearn DJ, Boudreau EA, O'Malley JP, Peters D, Ganzini L. Sleep quality and its association with delirium among veterans enrolled in hospice. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2012 Apr;20(4):317-26. doi: 10.1097/JGP.0b013e3182487680. — View Citation

Stanchina ML, Abu-Hijleh M, Chaudhry BK, Carlisle CC, Millman RP. The influence of white noise on sleep in subjects exposed to ICU noise. Sleep Med. 2005 Sep;6(5):423-8. Epub 2005 Mar 31. — View Citation

Su X, Meng ZT, Wu XH, Cui F, Li HL, Wang DX, Zhu X, Zhu SN, Maze M, Ma D. Dexmedetomidine for prevention of delirium in elderly patients after non-cardiac surgery: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2016 Oct 15;388(10054):1893-1902. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30580-3. Epub 2016 Aug 16. — View Citation

Toft P, Olsen HT, Jørgensen HK, Strøm T, Nibro HL, Oxlund J, Wian KA, Ytrebø LM, Kroken BA, Chew M. Non-sedation versus sedation with a daily wake-up trial in critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation (NONSEDA Trial): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials. 2014 Dec 20;15:499. doi: 10.1186/1745-6215-15-499. — View Citation

Treggiari MM, Romand JA, Yanez ND, Deem SA, Goldberg J, Hudson L, Heidegger CP, Weiss NS. Randomized trial of light versus deep sedation on mental health after critical illness. Crit Care Med. 2009 Sep;37(9):2527-34. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181a5689f. — View Citation

Trompeo AC, Vidi Y, Locane MD, Braghiroli A, Mascia L, Bosma K, Ranieri VM. Sleep disturbances in the critically ill patients: role of delirium and sedative agents. Minerva Anestesiol. 2011 Jun;77(6):604-12. — View Citation

Weinhouse GL, Watson PL. Sedation and sleep disturbances in the ICU. Crit Care Clin. 2009 Jul;25(3):539-49, ix. doi: 10.1016/j.ccc.2009.04.003. Review. — View Citation

Wu XH, Cui F, Zhang C, Meng ZT, Wang DX, Ma J, Wang GF, Zhu SN, Ma D. Low-dose Dexmedetomidine Improves Sleep Quality Pattern in Elderly Patients after Noncardiac Surgery in the Intensive Care Unit: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Anesthesiology. 2016 Nov;125(5):979-991. — View Citation

Wunsch H, Kahn JM, Kramer AA, Wagener G, Li G, Sladen RN, Rubenfeld GD. Dexmedetomidine in the care of critically ill patients from 2001 to 2007: an observational cohort study. Anesthesiology. 2010 Aug;113(2):386-94. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181e74116. — View Citation

Xia ZQ, Chen SQ, Yao X, Xie CB, Wen SH, Liu KX. Clinical benefits of dexmedetomidine versus propofol in adult intensive care unit patients: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. J Surg Res. 2013 Dec;185(2):833-43. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.06.062. Epub 2013 Jul 24. Review. — View Citation

* Note: There are 38 references in allClick here to view all references

Outcome

Type Measure Description Time frame Safety issue
Other Pain intensity. Assessment twice daily (in the morning from 06:00 to 10:00 and in the evening from 18:00 to 20:00) with the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS, an 11 point scale where 0 indicated no pain and 10 indicated the worst possible pain) at movement or the Behavior Pain Scale (BPS, an 12 point scale where 3 indicated no pain and 12 indicated the worst possible pain) at rest. Assessed during the first 7 days after surgery.
Other Score of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II). Score of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II). Assessed within 24 hours after ICU admission.
Other Percentage of time within the target of sedation during mechanical ventilation. Percentage of time within the target of sedation (Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale -1~-2) during mechanical ventilation. During mechanical ventilation, for a maximum of 3 days.
Primary Sleep quality during the night of surgery. Sleep quality assessed with Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire at 08:00 on the first day after surgery. Assessed at 08:00 on the first day after surgery.
Secondary Incidence of delirium within the first 7 days after surgery. Assessment twice daily (in the morning from 06:00 to 10:00 and in the evening from 18:00 to 20:00) with the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU). Assessed twice daily during the first 7 days after surgery.
Secondary Sleep quality within the first 7 days after surgery. Assessment once daily (at 08:00) with Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ). Assessed once daily during the first 7 days after surgery.
Secondary Total sleep time Total sleep time Monitored with polysomnograph during the night of surgery.
Secondary Sleep efficiency Sleep efficiency Monitored with polysomnograph during the night of surgery.
Secondary Fragmented sleep index Fragmented sleep index Monitored with polysomnograph during the night of surgery.
Secondary Percentages of sleep stages Percentages of stage 1 non-rapid sleep movement sleep (N1), N2, N3 and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Monitored with polysomnograph during the night of surgery.
Secondary Duration of mechanical ventilation. Duration of mechanical ventilation. From ICU admission to 30 days after surgery.
Secondary Length of stay in the ICU. Length of stay in the ICU. From ICU admission to 30 days after surgery.
Secondary Length of stay in the hospital after surgery. Length of stay in the hospital after surgery. From date of surgery to 30 days after surgery.
Secondary Occurrence of postoperative complications. Occurrence of complications other than delirium within 30 days after surgery. From date of surgery to 30 days after surgery.
Secondary All-cause 30-day mortality. All-cause 30-day mortality. On the 30th day after surgery.
Secondary 30-day cognitive function. Assessment with Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status-modified (TICS-m) in 30-day survivors. On the 30th day after surgery.
Secondary 30-day quality of life. Assessment with WhoQOL-Bref. On the 30th day after surgery.
Secondary 30-day sleep quality. Assessment with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). On the 30th day after surgery.
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