Clinical Trials Logo

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

NCT number NCT02036853
Other study ID # 2013-NEUR-001
Secondary ID
Status Completed
Phase Phase 2
First received
Last updated
Start date February 20, 2014
Est. completion date June 30, 2019

Study information

Verified date January 2021
Source Cook Children's Health Care System
Contact n/a
Is FDA regulated No
Health authority
Study type Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

This study is being done to assess the safety and long-term efficacy of triheptanoin in pediatric patients with Glut1 DS over a 5-year treatment period. Glut 1 is a protein that helps transport glucose to the brain. Glucose is the brain's primary source of energy. Glut 1 DS prevents this protein from being effectively produced, causing deprivation of energy to the neurons of the of the brain. Glut1 DS is a severely debilitating disease characterized by seizures, developmental delay and movement disorder. There are currently no approved treatments specific to Glut1 DS. Treatment generally includes medications for control of seizures. The use of a ketogenic diet can be effective in controlling seizures when medications are ineffective or provide insufficient control. However, the ketogenic diet may be very difficult for patients to maintain for long periods of time, and there may be negative secondary long-term effects of ketogenic diet.. Triheptanoin is metabolized to molecules that can provide an alternative energy source to the brain, and appears to help in controlling seizures without many of the difficulties of the ketogenic diet. Eligible patients may be those who have been diagnosed with GLUT1 DS, and have discontinued or are not currently on ketogenic diet, or are able to tolerate triheptanoin if they have been treated or are currently being treated with triheptanoin and do not qualify for any other clinical trial.


Description:

Triheptanoin is proposed for the treatment of seizures in glucose transporter type-1 deficiency syndrome (Glut1 DS). Glut1 DS is a rare disease with an estimated US prevalence of ~3,300. The proposed study is an open-label study to assess the safety and long-term efficacy of triheptanoin in patients with Glut1 DS over a 5-year treatment period. Eligible patients may be those who are able to tolerate triheptanoin if they have been treated or are currently being treated with triheptanoin and do not qualify for any other clinical trial. Subjects previously treated with triheptanoin will continue to dose at approximately 35% of total daily calories (~1-4g/kg/day, depending on age). Subjects who are naïve to triheptanoin will begin a 2-week fixed titration schedule up until they have reached 35% of total daily calories. The primary objective of the study is to evaluate the safety of triheptanoin via adverse event rates and laboratory values. The secondary objective is to evaluate the long-term efficacy of triheptanoin as measured by the change in seizure frequency from historical baseline.


Recruitment information / eligibility

Status Completed
Enrollment 20
Est. completion date June 30, 2019
Est. primary completion date June 30, 2019
Accepts healthy volunteers No
Gender All
Age group 1 Year to 50 Years
Eligibility Inclusion Criteria: Individuals eligible to participate in this study must meet all of the following criteria: 1. Patients with GLUT1 DS by physician diagnosis 2. Males and females, aged 1 to 50 years 3. Allowed to be on concomitant AEDs 4. Patients are able to tolerate triheptanoin if they have been (or are currently being) treated with this medication 5. Must, in the opinion of the investigator, be willing and able to comply with study procedures and schedule 6. Provide written assent (if appropriate) and written informed consent by a Legally Authorized Representative (LAR) after the nature of the study has been explained, and prior to any research-related procedures 7. Sexually active subjects must be willing to use an acceptable method of contraception while participating in the study 8. Females of childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test at Screening and be willing to have additional pregnancy tests during the study Exclusion Criteria: Individuals who meet any of the following exclusion criteria will not be eligible to participate in the study: 1. Patients and their Legally Authorized Representatives (as appropriate) not willing or able to give written or verbal assent or written informed consent. 2. Concomitant administration of a ketogenic diet for the treatment of GLUT1 deficiency 3. Concomitant administration of valproic acid 4. In the Investigator's opinion, the patient may not be compliant 5. Pregnant or breastfeeding an infant at screening 6. Has a concurrent disease or condition, or laboratory abnormality that, in the view of the Investigator, places the subject at high risk for adverse events, or introduces additional safety concerns 7. History of or current suicidal ideation, behavior and attempts 8. Patient qualifies for any other clinical trial designed to progressively evaluate the safety and efficacy of triheptanoin as approved by the FDA under a separate IND which is open at Cook Children's

Study Design


Related Conditions & MeSH terms

  • Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors
  • Glucose Transporter Type-1 Deficiency Syndrome (Glut1 DS)
  • Syndrome

Intervention

Drug:
Triheptanoin
Schedule A: Subjects previously treated with triheptanoin will continue to dose at approximately 35% of total daily calories (~1-4g/kg/day, depending on age). Schedule B: Subjects who are naïve to triheptanoin will begin a 2-week fixed titration schedule up until they have reached 35% of total daily calories (~1-4 g/kg/day depending on age). If a subject has not reached the target of 35% of total daily calories, by the end of the 2-week fixed titration period, dose titration should continue until achieved or until the maximally tolerated dose has been established.

Locations

Country Name City State
United States Cook Childrens Medical Center Fort Worth Texas

Sponsors (2)

Lead Sponsor Collaborator
Adrian Lacy Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

References & Publications (20)

Ataíde TdaR, de Olivera SK, da Silva FM, Vitorino Filha LGC, do N Tavares MC, Sant'Ana AEG. Toxicological analysis of the chronic consumption of diheptanoin and triheptanoin in rats. Intl J Food Sci Tech. 2009;44:484-492

Barry MJ, VanSwearingen JM, Albright AL. Reliability and responsiveness of the Barry-Albright Dystonia Scale. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1999 Jun;41(6):404-11. — View Citation

Baruteau J, Sachs P, Broué P, Brivet M, Abdoul H, Vianey-Saban C, Ogier de Baulny H. Clinical and biological features at diagnosis in mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation defects: a French pediatric study from 187 patients. Complementary data. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2014 Jan;37(1):137-9. doi: 10.1007/s10545-013-9628-9. Epub 2013 Jun 27. — View Citation

Deng S, Zhang GF, Kasumov T, Roe CR, Brunengraber H. Interrelations between C4 ketogenesis, C5 ketogenesis, and anaplerosis in the perfused rat liver. J Biol Chem. 2009 Oct 9;284(41):27799-807. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.048744. Epub 2009 Aug 8. — View Citation

Goldstein A, Barone AR, DeWard SJ, Payne N, Vockley J. Triheptanoin therapy for inherited disorders of fatty acid oxidation. Mitochondrion. 2012;12(5):566

Gu L, Zhang GF, Kombu RS, Allen F, Kutz G, Brewer WU, Roe CR, Brunengraber H. Parenteral and enteral metabolism of anaplerotic triheptanoin in normal rats. II. Effects on lipolysis, glucose production, and liver acyl-CoA profile. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Feb;298(2):E362-71. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00384.2009. Epub 2009 Nov 10. — View Citation

Johnson W Jr; Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final report on the safety assessment of trilaurin, triarachidin, tribehenin, tricaprin, tricaprylin, trierucin, triheptanoin, triheptylundecanoin, triisononanoin, triisopalmitin, triisostearin, trilinolein, trimyristin, trioctanoin, triolein, tripalmitin, tripalmitolein, triricinolein, tristearin, triundecanoin, glyceryl triacetyl hydroxystearate, glyceryl triacetyl ricinoleate, and glyceryl stearate diacetate. Int J Toxicol. 2001;20 Suppl 4:61-94. Review. — View Citation

Kim TH, Borges K, Petrou S, Reid CA. Triheptanoin reduces seizure susceptibility in a syndrome-specific mouse model of generalized epilepsy. Epilepsy Res. 2013 Jan;103(1):101-5. doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2012.09.016. Epub 2012 Nov 26. — View Citation

Kinman RP, Kasumov T, Jobbins KA, Thomas KR, Adams JE, Brunengraber LN, Kutz G, Brewer WU, Roe CR, Brunengraber H. Parenteral and enteral metabolism of anaplerotic triheptanoin in normal rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Oct;291(4):E860-6. Epub 2006 May 16. — View Citation

Marin-Valencia I, Good LB, Ma Q, Malloy CR, Pascual JM. Heptanoate as a neural fuel: energetic and neurotransmitter precursors in normal and glucose transporter I-deficient (G1D) brain. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2013 Feb;33(2):175-82. doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2012.151. Epub 2012 Oct 17. — View Citation

Mochel F, Duteil S, Marelli C, Jauffret C, Barles A, Holm J, Sweetman L, Benoist JF, Rabier D, Carlier PG, Durr A. Dietary anaplerotic therapy improves peripheral tissue energy metabolism in patients with Huntington's disease. Eur J Hum Genet. 2010 Sep;18(9):1057-60. doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2010.72. Epub 2010 May 26. — View Citation

Pearson TS, Akman C, Hinton VJ, Engelstad K, De Vivo DC. Phenotypic spectrum of glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome (Glut1 DS). Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2013 Apr;13(4):342. doi: 10.1007/s11910-013-0342-7. Review. — View Citation

Pong AW, Geary BR, Engelstad KM, Natarajan A, Yang H, De Vivo DC. Glucose transporter type I deficiency syndrome: epilepsy phenotypes and outcomes. Epilepsia. 2012 Sep;53(9):1503-10. doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2012.03592.x. Epub 2012 Jul 19. — View Citation

Roe CR, Mochel F. Anaplerotic diet therapy in inherited metabolic disease: therapeutic potential. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2006 Apr-Jun;29(2-3):332-40. Review. — View Citation

Roe CR, Sweetman L, Roe DS, David F, Brunengraber H. Treatment of cardiomyopathy and rhabdomyolysis in long-chain fat oxidation disorders using an anaplerotic odd-chain triglyceride. J Clin Invest. 2002 Jul;110(2):259-69. — View Citation

Roe CR. Inherited disorders of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation: a new responsibility for the neonatologist. Semin Neonatol. 2002 Feb;7(1):37-47. Review. — View Citation

Samala R, Willis S, Borges K. Anticonvulsant profile of a balanced ketogenic diet in acute mouse seizure models. Epilepsy Res. 2008 Oct;81(2-3):119-27. doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2008.05.001. Epub 2008 Jun 18. — View Citation

Sparrow, SS, Cicchetti D, & Balla DA. Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales - 2nd Edition manual. Minneapolis, MN: NCS Pearson, Inc; 2005

Varni JW, Burwinkle TM, Seid M. The PedsQL as a pediatric patient-reported outcome: reliability and validity of the PedsQL Measurement Model in 25,000 children. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2005 Dec;5(6):705-19. doi: 10.1586/14737167.5.6.705. — View Citation

Willis S, Stoll J, Sweetman L, Borges K. Anticonvulsant effects of a triheptanoin diet in two mouse chronic seizure models. Neurobiol Dis. 2010 Dec;40(3):565-72. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2010.07.017. Epub 2010 Aug 4. — View Citation

* Note: There are 20 references in allClick here to view all references

Outcome

Type Measure Description Time frame Safety issue
Primary Reported Change in Seizures Frequency From Baseline at 13 Weeks A seizure diary was used to track date, type, number, and unusual presentation of seizures. Subjects were given a seizure diary at screening to record daily seizure activity for incremental periods of time. Unless otherwise waived, subjects complete this form daily during the screening period and for two weeks prior to each subsequent study visit. Baseline and 13 weeks
Primary Reported Change in Seizures Frequency From Baseline at 26 Weeks A seizure diary was used to track date, type, number, and unusual presentation of seizures. Subjects were given a seizure diary at screening to record daily seizure activity for incremental periods of time. Unless otherwise waived, subjects complete this form daily during the screening period and for two weeks prior to each subsequent study visit. The table below represents the change in seizure frequency from baseline for each time point. Baseline and 26 weeks
Primary Reported Change in Seizures Frequency From Baseline at 1 Year A seizure diary was used to track date, type, number, and unusual presentation of seizures. Subjects were given a seizure diary at screening to record daily seizure activity for incremental periods of time. Unless otherwise waived, subjects complete this form daily during the screening period and for two weeks prior to each subsequent study visit. The table below represents the change in seizure frequency from baseline for each time point. Baseline and one yr
Primary Reported Change in Seizures Frequency From Baseline at 18 Months A seizure diary was used to track date, type, number, and unusual presentation of seizures. Subjects were given a seizure diary at screening to record daily seizure activity for incremental periods of time. Unless otherwise waived, subjects complete this form daily during the screening period and for two weeks prior to each subsequent study visit. The table below represents the change in seizure frequency from baseline for each time point. Baseline and 18 months
Primary Reported Change in Seizures Frequency From Baseline at 2 Years A seizure diary was used to track date, type, number, and unusual presentation of seizures. Subjects were given a seizure diary at screening to record daily seizure activity for incremental periods of time. Unless otherwise waived, subjects complete this form daily during the screening period and for two weeks prior to each subsequent study visit. The table below represents the change in seizure frequency from baseline for each time point. Baseline and two yrs
Primary Reported Change in Seizures Frequency From Baseline at 3 Years A seizure diary was used to track date, type, number, and unusual presentation of seizures. Subjects were given a seizure diary at screening to record daily seizure activity for incremental periods of time. Unless otherwise waived, subjects complete this form daily during the screening period and for two weeks prior to each subsequent study visit. The table below represents the change in seizure frequency from baseline for each time point. Baseline and three yrs
Primary Reported Change in Seizure Frequency From Baseline at 4 Years A seizure diary was used to track date, type, number, and unusual presentation of seizures. Subjects were given a seizure diary at screening to record daily seizure activity for incremental periods of time. Unless otherwise waived, subjects complete this form daily during the screening period and for two weeks prior to each subsequent study visit. The table below represents the change in seizure frequency from baseline for each time point. Baseline and four yrs
Primary Reported Change in Seizure Frequency From Baseline at 5 Years A seizure diary was used to track date, type, number, and unusual presentation of seizures. Subjects were given a seizure diary at screening to record daily seizure activity for incremental periods of time. Unless otherwise waived, subjects complete this form daily during the screening period and for two weeks prior to each subsequent study visit. The table below represents the change in seizure frequency from baseline for each time point. Baseline and five yrs