Inpatient Internal Medicine Patients Clinical Trial
Official title:
A Study Evaluating the Use of Potential Predictors of Readmission in Hospitalized Medicine Patients
The primary objective of this study is the development and implementation of a survey administered to hospitalized patients on Internal Medicine that can be used in conjunction with previously validated predictive indices to identify patients at risk for readmission. The survey consists of previously validated as well as investigator developed survey instruments that will assess the following: health literacy, numeracy, medication adherence, self-efficacy, and tolerance. The predictive indices are the LACE, Charlson Comorbidity Index (included in LACE), and the Comorbidity Polypharmacy Score (CPS) which have been previously validated for risk of readmissions. The survey consists of both closed and open ended questions. A part of the survey will be administered by the study personnel while the rest is a questionnaire-based survey that will be completed by the subjects. Study personnel will be with the subjects in an open dialogue while subjects are completing the survey to answer any questions and identify questions that may be confusing or bias subjects. Approximately 30 days after hospital discharge, patients will be contacted via telephone to ask how many admissions and/or Emergency Department (ED) visits they have had since discharge. A correlation analysis will be done of the different aspects of the survey to determine whether there are redundancies. A regression analysis will be done to determine the predictive ability of the survey combined with predictive indices for readmission.
Many patients are readmitted to the hospital shortly after discharge. Twenty percent of
Medicare beneficiaries discharged were re-hospitalized within 30 days at a cost to Medicare
estimated at $17.4 billion. This problem does not only affect the elderly. Medicaid enrollees
aged 21-64 had 10.7% 30-day readmission rate. Identifying which patients are at highest risk
is important for allocating resources to those high risk individuals.
Several studies have attempted to retrospectively identify medical conditions, medications,
labs, and vitals associated with increased risk of readmission with different levels of
success. Examples of these include the Charlson Comorbidity Index, LACE, and the Comorbidity
Polypharmacy Score. Although not always developed for use in predicting readmissions, they
have been subsequently associated with this.
While these indices examine objective data, it is thought that health beliefs, abilities, and
behaviors can also affect the risk of readmissions. Health literacy in particular has been
shown to be associated with 30 day readmissions after an acute myocardial infarction and in
general medical patients. Low numeracy has been associated with increased risk of 30 day
readmission in patients with acute heart failure.
Inpatient questionnaires are able to identify patients who are more likely than others to be
readmitted. Additionally, objective qualities such as insurance status, comorbidities, and
admissions within the past year are predictors of readmission. Due to the unique patient
populations at different health systems, an institution-specific approach is necessary to
analyze the specific factors contributing to readmission. Therefore, a survey will be used to
gauge the most predictive factors of readmissions and ED visits, including objective and
subjective sections. After further research and modification, the survey will potentially
serve as a tool for clinicians to select the best approach to post-discharge care and
follow-up.
This pilot will attempt to test a survey for predicting readmission through measurements of
health literacy, numeracy, medication adherence, self-efficacy, and tolerance, and in
conjunction with co-morbidity indices.
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