Medicaments Substances in Therapeutic Use Clinical Trial
Official title:
Effect of Potassium Oxalate and Potassium Nitrate on Tooth Sensitivity Related to in Office Bleaching: Randomized Clinical Trial
Objectives: This study will determine the effectiveness of the use of desensitivity gels prior in office bleaching on risk and intensity of tooth sensitivity caused by in-office bleaching using 35% hydrogen peroxide. Materials and Methods: Fourty seven patients will be selected for this triple-blind, randomized, cross-over, placebo-controlled clinical trial. 10 minutes prior to bleaching procedure, patients will receive the the potassium nitrate 2% and potassium oxalate 5% desensitivity gel application on vestibular surface. The whitening treatment with 35% hydrogen peroxide will be carried out in two sessions with a 7-day interval. Tooth sensitivity will be assessed before, during and 24 hours after the procedure using analog visual and verbal scales. Color alteration will be assessed by a bleach guide scale and Vita Easy shade spectrophotometer 7 days after each session. Relative risk to sensitivity will be calculated and adjusted by session; while comparison of overall risk will performed by McNemar's test. Data on the sensitivity level for both scales and color shade will be subjected to the Friedman, Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests, respectively (α = 0.05).
Methods & Materials:
This clinical trial was approved by the Scientific Review Committee and by the Committee for
the Protection of Human Subjects of the local university (CAAE 60259316.2.0000.5546).
Trial design:
This study will be a randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial, and split
mouth study design.
The patients included will be submitted to two in-office bleaching sessions receiving the
potassium nitrate 2% and postassium oxalate 5% desensitivity gel application on vestibular
surface, for 10 minutes. A delay of 1 week between the sessions will be established. The
study will be conducted at the clinic of the School of Dentistry of the local university from
November 2016 to October 2017.
Participants:
Patients included in this clinical trial will be at least 18 years old with good oral health.
Patients with any of the six upper anterior teeth with caries, restoration, severe
discoloration (e.g., stains caused by tetracycline), enamel hypoplasia, gingival recession,
dentin exposure, pulpitis, or endodontics will be excluded. Participants submitted to
previous bleaching procedures, presenting prior tooth sensitivity, known allergy to any
component of medication used in the study, pregnant or breastfeeding will be also excluded.
Only patients presenting all six upper anterior teeth with shade mismatching with 2.5 M2
(Vita Bleachguide 3D-Master scale, Vita-Zahnfabrik, Bad Sackingen, Germany) or darker will be
included.
Sample Size Calculation:
The sample calculation will be based on the primary binary outcome (sensitivity risk 24 hours
after the procedure) for superiority trial. Power of the test will be set at 80%, considering
a type I error of 0.05; risk to tooth sensitivity of 63% (potassium nitrate) and 35%
(potassium oxalate), while a reduction around 55% with the treatment will be expected. The
calculation resulted in fourty seven patients.
Randomization:
A randomized list will be computer-generated by a person not involved in intervention or
evaluation. The participants were defined as blocks in the randomization process, where the
sequence of treatment (placebo or etodolac) will be randomly set for each block by using
computer-generated tables (www.sealedenvelope.com). The sequence will be inserted into sealed
envelopes numbered from 1 to 47 that were opened by the operator only at the moment of the
intervention. The patients were numbered according to the sequence of enrollment. Neither the
participant nor the operator knew the group allocation determining blinding to the protocol.
Baseline evaluation:
Prior to bleaching procedure, the teeth will be cleaned using rubber cups associated to
pumice and water. The shades of six upper anterior teeth will be assessed on a baseline using
the bleach guide scale and for CIE L*a*b* measurement, ΔE will be calculated by the following
equation: ∆E= [(∆L)2 + (∆a)2 + (∆b)2]1/2, while ∆L = L1 - L0; ∆a = a1 - a0; e ∆b = b1 - b0.
Intervention:
Prior to each bleaching session, the patients will receive the potassium nitrate 2% (active
comparator) on one half (anterior superior teeth) and potassium oxalate 5% desensitivity gel
on the other half (anterior superior teeth) application on vestibular surface, for 10
minutes.
Neither the operators responsible for intervention and evaluation nor the patients knew the
content which treatment will be done.
A light-cured resin dam will be applied (Top Dam, FGM, Joinville, SC, Brazil) on the gingival
tissue corresponding to the teeth to be bleached. A 35% hydrogen peroxide based bleaching
agent (Whiteness HP MAxx Intermixx, FGM, Joinville, SC, Brazil) will be mixed and applied on
the vestibular surface of teeth, remaining for 40 minutes. After this time, the bleaching
agent will be removed. A second session will be carried out after 1 week following the same
procedures.
Evaluations:
The tooth sensitivity reported by patients will be assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS)
and verbal rating scale (VRS). The VAS consisted of a scale 10 cm in length ranging from
green (absence of pain) to red (unsupportable pain). The patient set his or her level of
sensitivity by pointing to the color corresponding to this level, while the distance from
this point to the green border will be recorded. For VRS, the patient reported his or her
level of sensitivity based on scores: 0 = none, 1 = light, 2 = moderate, 3 = considerable and
4 = severe. The tooth sensitivity will be assessed during the bleaching, immediately after
bleaching agent removal and after 24 hours. For this last assessment, only the VRS will be
used. Tooth sensitivity will be measure: baseline, at 40 minutes during the bleaching
procedure, after the bleaching procedure and 24 hours after. One week after each session the
tooth color will be evaluated again using the same procedure described previously.
Statistical Analysis:
The demographic data from patients will be analyzed to determine age, gender, and anxiety
level for each allocation sequence. Comparisons between the allocation sequences will be
performed by the Mann-Whitney test (age) and Fisher's exact (gender) and chi-square (anxiety
level) tests.
Based on presence of any tooth sensitivity (scores different from 0 for VRS), the absolute
risk, odds ratio and relative risk will be calculated regarding the treatments for each
moment of evaluation/session of bleaching, as well as its confidence intervals (95%). For
each moment, differences on presence/absence ratios will be analyzed by Fisher's exact test.
For the overall risk related to each treatment, the odds ratio will be adjusted to
independent variable "session of bleaching" using the Mantel-Haenszel statistic. The
homogeneity of odds ratios will be analyzed by the Breslow-Day and Tarone's tests. Following,
the odds ratio estimated will be converted to relative risk and the overall presence/absence
ratios will be analyzed by the McNemar's test, considering the study design (cross-over).
For VRS, the data from scores observed in each time of evaluation/session of bleaching will
be submitted to the Mann-Whitney rank sum test. Despite the measurement of tooth sensitivity
using VAS giving a continuous outcome, data assessed with this scale did not show a normal
distribution (Shapiro-Wilk's test). Thus, data from VAS will be also analyzed by the
Mann-Whitney rank sum test, while one test per time of evaluation will be carried out.
For color evaluation, comparisons between the sequences of treatment will be performed using
the Mann-Whitney rank sum test. The Friedman test followed by Dunn's post hoc test will be
used to analyze the difference between the moments of evaluation for each sequence of
treatment. All statistical analyses will be performed adjusting the initial significance
level (α = 0.05) by Bonferroni correction.
;
| Status | Clinical Trial | Phase | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Completed |
NCT02881619 -
Etodolac and Post-bleaching Sensitivity
|
Phase 4 | |
| Completed |
NCT03523598 -
Potassium Nitrate and Post-bleaching Sensitivity
|
N/A | |
| Completed |
NCT03065673 -
Potassium Oxalate and Placebo and Post-bleaching Sensitivity
|
N/A |