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Filter by:Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the highest reported otorhinolaryngological malignancy reported in Malaysia affecting predominantly male adults between 40-60 years old [1, 2]. Radiation therapy (RT) has been coined as the mainstay treatment owing to its' radiosensitive properties [1, 3]. Radiation-induced DNA damage impairs proper cell division, resulting in cell death or senescence of cells that attempt to divide, particularly useful in killing malignant cells. However, radiation doses to the salivary glands cause loss of saliva producing acinar cells which ultimately hampers production of saliva in NPC patients post radiation [4]. This leads to progressive loss of salivary gland function causing xerostomia symptoms [5]. This study aims to compare the effects of two mouthwashes in the treatment of xerostomia.
Transgender women (trans women; assigned male sex at birth but identify as female) are at high risk for HIV infection, and are an important, under-researched population in sub-Saharan Africa. Trans women have a 13 times greater risk of acquiring HIV than adults aged 15-49 years in the general population, and in Africa, trans women have nearly twice the HIV prevalence (25%) of men who have sex with men [MSM] (14%). Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective prevention tool that could change the trajectory of the HIV epidemic among the 25 million trans women globally, yet its use has been suboptimal in this vulnerable population. Same-day PrEP initiation is feasible and acceptable and improves retention in PrEP care in resource-rich settings. Same-day initiation of emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (F/TAF), a new PrEP regimen, has not to our knowledge previously been evaluated as PrEP in African trans women. F/TAF is potentially more efficacious and safer than emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (F/TDF) as shown in the recent DISCOVER trial. However, concerns about drug-drug interactions between feminizing hormonal therapy (FHT) and PrEP are a key potential adherence barrier for trans women. While PrEP drugs do not lower FHT levels, FHT decreases plasma TFV and (emtricitabine) FTC levels. Little is known about FHT use among African trans women taking F/TAF or how concerns about F/TAF-FHT interactions may influence PrEP adherence. Moreover, interventions to support PrEP adherence in this population are needed. Feedback about PrEP use has been shown to potentially improve PrEP adherence among MSM but has not been utilized among trans women. Key knowledge gaps include: 1) whether same-day PrEP can be successfully implemented for African trans women, 2) the impact of drug-level feedback on PrEP adherence, and 3) how use of FHT may influence PrEP adherence. To address these questions, this protocol describes a randomized trial to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of same day initiation of F/TAF PrEP, evaluate impact of drug-level feedback on PrEP adherence and characterize PrEP persistence, and in-depth interviews to explore how self-care interventions for sexual health influence prevention choices among trans women and their sexual partners. This will be the first clinical trial, to our knowledge, to evaluate F/TAF as PrEP for HIV-negative trans women in sub-Saharan Africa.
This study investigates the association of blood transfusions given around the time of surgery (perioperative) with complications after surgery (postoperative), cancer progression, and mortality after major oncologic non-cardiac surgery. The administration of blood products is an important clinical therapy to treat life-threatening blood (hematological) disorders (i.e. anemia, coagulation disorders or thrombocytopenia) in patients with cancer undergoing major non-cardiac surgery. On the other hand, the unnecessary exposure of those patients to blood products can be associated with the occurrence of unwanted severe complications and potentially increase the risk of death. An accurate understanding of the short and long-term outcomes, the patterns of blood transfusions, and the triggers of blood product administration may help researchers design and test the safety of perioperative blood transfusions in patients with cancer.
Active males and females consumed a probiotic for 28-days. Before and after the intervention period, participants reported to the lab in a fasted state where they consumed 25 grams of whey protein. Following drink consumption, participants provided blood draws at 15-minute intervals. Blood samples were analyzed for amino acid concentrations.
Serological surveys measuring anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (anti-SARS-CoV-2) antibodies in the population to assess the extent of the infection and the COVID-19 immunity of the population in French Guiana.
The use of nanomaterials in semi-facial respirators could decrease the permeability of particles and promote a biocidal effect compared to conventional respirators (N95) and, therefore, to enhance the filtering power, aiming to mitigate harmful effects of bacteria and viruses. Chitosan is a natural cationic polymer derived from chitin, with characteristics such as being biodegradable, biocompatible, non-toxic, and presenting antimicrobial activity. This polymer has virucidal activity in several types of viruses, including other coronaviruses, given the attractive factor of its cationic charge for negative charges. The effectiveness of a novel individual protection semi-facial respirator (called VESTA) will be investigated, compared to a conventional N95 respirator. The respirators will be tested in healthcare professionals working in hospital environments and the effectiveness will be attributed to the lower incidence rate of infection by the SARS-CoV-2, and to the ability to filter these viruses after use by healthcare professionals exposed to potentially contaminated environments. The study will be carried out in two stages: i) Randomized Controlled Trial with reduced sample to confirm the sample size calculation (pilot trial), and ii) Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT). The RCT will be conducted with healthcare professionals who have contact with environments/patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 in hospital sectors with greater vulnerability to infection (urgency, emergency and intensive care units). The RCT will be conducted initially with a group of sixty participants (n = 30 in each group) for initial investigation of the potential for efficacy with the use of the respirators (VESTA and conventional N95) in two sectors (emergency and ICU) in a reference Hospital for COVID-19. The RCT will consist of two parallel groups: (1) Experimental Group (GExp) that will use the novel respirator (VESTA) and (2) Control Group (CG) that will use the standard respirator (N95). Participants will be recruited from participating hospitals and will be accompanied by 21 days in approximately eight consecutive shifts (ranging from shifts lasting 6 to 12 hours each, followed by approximately 36 hours of rest). Participants will be assessed at baseline (T0), at the end of the 10th day (T1), and at the end of the 21st day (T2).
Percutaneous catheter-assisted valve replacement in aortic position (TAVI) for patients with high perioperative risk has become a standard method in recent years. In addition to the detection of bleeding and cardiac rhythm complications, follow-up care is mainly focused on the monitoring of respiratory parameters after an operation under intubation anesthesia or deep analgosedation. In addition to normal oxygen therapy, non-invasive ventilation and, in case of weaning failure, renewed tracheal intubation in the first 24 h after TAVI have been considered. High flow oxygen therapy (HFOT) now provides a good opportunity to treat patients with a warmed and humidified air-oxygen mixture and to independently control the oxygen content in the inhaled air and the flow in the pharyngeal area. The aim of the Study is to investigate the Change in oxygenation after high-flow oxygen therapy as a measure of weaning success in postinterventional patients after TAVI.
This is a pilot, feasibility study to evaluate, test and optimize sample analysis procedures and protocols before the full-scale, crossover study is conducted.
This study evaluates the impact of two dietary supplements (Elevase® and DE111®) and of oatmeal properties on the digestion of gluten and starch and on the glycemic response.
A mix-method cross-sectional feasibility study performed in five aged care institutes in Flanders, Belgium. A convenience sample of 48 aged persons was recruited and 12 supervisors (i.e. occupational therapy students and therapists). Aged persons received a 20-30 minutes test with a technology-based system, i.e. intelligent Activity-based Client-centred Training system (i-ACT). The i-ACT consists of the Microsoft Kinect and adapted software in which movements can be recorded and training parameters can be set by supervisors. During and after the test, the thinking aloud method was used. After the test, the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory, the System Usability Scale, and the Credibility/Expectancy Questionnaire were administered in the aged persons.