Motivational Wellness Coaching to Reduce Childhood Obesity in Families and Kids

Obesity Clinical Trial

— WC4K  

Official title:

Integrated Motivational Interviewing to Reduce Childhood Obesity in a Large Health Maintenance Organization

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT05143697
• Other study ID #: KPSC IRB#12607
• Secondary ID: 1R01DK127038-01
• Status: Recruiting
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: May 16, 2022
• Est. completion date: June 30, 2026

Study information

• Verified date: March 2024
• Source: Kaiser Permanente
• Contact: Kimberly J Holmquist, MPHc
• Phone: 626-243-8604
• Email: Kimberly.J.Holmquist[@]kp.org
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Primary care settings lack interventions to address the childhood obesity epidemic that are feasible and sustainable without requiring significant resources. The investigators propose to modify and test an intervention shown to lower children's body mass index(BMI) so that it is feasible, sustainable, and easily disseminated in a real-world clinical setting. If successful, the investigators will be able to provide recommendations to providers and health care systems that help prioritize future intervention strategies and research investments to reduce obesity in children that can be quickly translated into other settings and widely adopted after the study period, with the goal of halting and reversing the childhood obesity epidemic.

Description:

Rates of childhood obesity in the United States (US) remain at historic highs. Before the age of 11 years, 18% of all children in the US are already obese; 26% of Hispanic and 24% of Black children are obese. Pediatric primary care settings are underutilized in preventing and treating childhood obesity. An evidence-based method for treatment of childhood obesity to help engage and motivate patients is Motivational Interviewing (MI). One recent successful study, BMI2 (for Brief Motivational Interviewing to Reduce Child Body Mass Index) directed at the parents of children in pediatric care practices lowered body mass index (BMI) significantly. MI-based approaches have been particularly successful for racial/ethnic minorities and low-income populations. However, the targeted MI dose of BMI2 requires significant resources, with MI sessions administered by the PCP and a registered dietician. It is unclear whether the impressive results of BMI2 can be replicated in a health care system with real-world conditions. It is challenging to find an effective intervention that is feasible and sustainable without requiring significant resources. Our overall goal is to reduce excess body weight in children in primary care. The investigators will conduct a cluster-randomized pragmatic trial in 49 pediatric clinics in Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC) to test the effectiveness of a modified version of BMI2 intervention in pediatric clinics (24 intervention, 25 usual care with attention control, = 6,600 children). The clinics serve over 45,000 children aged 2-8 yrs who are overweight or obese with high racial/ethnic and socioeconomic diversity (53% Hispanic; 23% state-subsidized insurance). Using MI techniques, primary care providers (PCPs) will initiate and maintain discussion about weight management with parent (6 x 20 min) and refer patients electronically to experienced and MI-trained lifestyle coaches. With full access to the electronic medical record (EMR), coaches will call referred families (child's BMI-for-age ≥85th percentile) and deliver intervention via telephonic MI counseling over two years (6 x 45 min). Usual care clinics with attention control will include regular encounters and educational videos as attention control. Primary Aim: Determine the effectiveness and dose-response relationship of a pragmatic, system-integrated childhood obesity intervention using mBMI2Kids (a modified BMI2 approach) on BMI at 2-yr follow-up. Secondary Aim: Investigate how patient characteristics such as minority or low-income background and parental obesity modify the effect of the mBMI2Kids intervention (Heterogeneity of effects). IMPACT: This study has the potential for a highly significant shift in pediatric primary care practices. Our results will provide valuable guidance to providers and health care systems to help them effectively halt and reverse the childhood obesity epidemic. Our results can be quickly translated into other clinical care settings and endorse the meaningful use of EMR systems to support providers using tools and centralized approaches that make interventions scalable.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Recruiting
• Enrollment: 6600
• Est. completion date: June 30, 2026
• Est. primary completion date: June 30, 2026
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: All
• Age group: 2 Years to 8 Years

Eligibility

24 Eligible Intervention Clinics will provide motivational interview counseling and referrals to Wellness Coaching.

Inclusion criteria:

• Children age 2-8 years

• Body mass index in the 85 percentile or higher

Exclusion criteria:

• Families that don't speak English or Spanish as a primary language

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Obesity
• Pediatric Obesity

Intervention

Behavioral:
• Wellness Coaching for Families and Kids
The investigators propose to conduct a cluster-randomized pragmatic trial in 49 pediatric clinics in Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC), to test the effectiveness of mBMI2Kids (a modified version of the BMI2 interven-tion) in pediatric clinics (randomization unit). Clinics serve over 45,000 children aged 2-8 yrs who are obese and have high racial/ethnic and socioeconomic diversity (53% Hispanic; 23% state-subsidized insurance). Clinics will be randomized into either 24 intervention or 25 usual care + attention control (enrolling 6,600 children). KP's long-standing electronic medical record (EMR) and stable membership, a research team embedded in care, existing team of lifestyle coaches, and ability to rapidly disseminate findings makes us uniquely positioned to conduct this study.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United States	Kaiser Permanente Pasadena	Pasadena	California

Sponsors (2)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Kaiser Permanente	National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

References & Publications (21)

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Asarnow J, Ougrin D. From efficacy to pragmatic trials: does the dodo bird verdict apply? Lancet Psychiatry. 2017 Feb;4(2):84-85. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(16)30404-7. Epub 2016 Dec 1. No abstract available. — View Citation

Borrello M, Pietrabissa G, Ceccarini M, Manzoni GM, Castelnuovo G. Motivational Interviewing in Childhood Obesity Treatment. Front Psychol. 2015 Nov 12;6:1732. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01732. eCollection 2015. — View Citation

Daniels SR, Arnett DK, Eckel RH, Gidding SS, Hayman LL, Kumanyika S, Robinson TN, Scott BJ, St Jeor S, Williams CL. Overweight in children and adolescents: pathophysiology, consequences, prevention, and treatment. Circulation. 2005 Apr 19;111(15):1999-2012. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000161369.71722.10. — View Citation

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Ford AL, Hunt LP, Cooper A, Shield JP. What reduction in BMI SDS is required in obese adolescents to improve body composition and cardiometabolic health? Arch Dis Child. 2010 Apr;95(4):256-61. doi: 10.1136/adc.2009.165340. Epub 2009 Dec 4. — View Citation

Ford I, Norrie J. Pragmatic Trials. N Engl J Med. 2016 Aug 4;375(5):454-63. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1510059. No abstract available. — View Citation

Freedman DS, Mei Z, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS, Dietz WH. Cardiovascular risk factors and excess adiposity among overweight children and adolescents: the Bogalusa Heart Study. J Pediatr. 2007 Jan;150(1):12-17.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2006.08.042. — View Citation

Frohlich G, Pott W, Albayrak O, Hebebrand J, Pauli-Pott U. Conditions of long-term success in a lifestyle intervention for overweight and obese youths. Pediatrics. 2011 Oct;128(4):e779-85. doi: 10.1542/peds.2010-3395. Epub 2011 Sep 12. — View Citation

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Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Flegal KM. Prevalence of childhood and adult obesity in the United States, 2011-2012. JAMA. 2014 Feb 26;311(8):806-14. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.732. — View Citation

Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Lawman HG, Fryar CD, Kruszon-Moran D, Kit BK, Flegal KM. Trends in Obesity Prevalence Among Children and Adolescents in the United States, 1988-1994 Through 2013-2014. JAMA. 2016 Jun 7;315(21):2292-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.6361. — View Citation

Ogden CL, Fryar CD, Hales CM, Carroll MD, Aoki Y, Freedman DS. Differences in Obesity Prevalence by Demographics and Urbanization in US Children and Adolescents, 2013-2016. JAMA. 2018 Jun 19;319(23):2410-2418. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.5158. — View Citation

Reinehr T, Kiess W, Kapellen T, Andler W. Insulin sensitivity among obese children and adolescents, according to degree of weight loss. Pediatrics. 2004 Dec;114(6):1569-73. doi: 10.1542/peds.2003-0649-F. — View Citation

Resnicow K, Harris D, Wasserman R, Schwartz RP, Perez-Rosas V, Mihalcea R, Snetselaar L. Advances in Motivational Interviewing for Pediatric Obesity: Results of the Brief Motivational Interviewing to Reduce Body Mass Index Trial and Future Directions. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2016 Jun;63(3):539-62. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2016.02.008. — View Citation

Resnicow K, McMaster F, Bocian A, Harris D, Zhou Y, Snetselaar L, Schwartz R, Myers E, Gotlieb J, Foster J, Hollinger D, Smith K, Woolford S, Mueller D, Wasserman RC. Motivational interviewing and dietary counseling for obesity in primary care: an RCT. Pediatrics. 2015 Apr;135(4):649-57. doi: 10.1542/peds.2014-1880. — View Citation

Skinner AC, Skelton JA. Prevalence and trends in obesity and severe obesity among children in the United States, 1999-2012. JAMA Pediatr. 2014 Jun;168(6):561-6. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.21. — View Citation

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Wright ME, Delacroix E, Sonneville KR, Considine S, Proctor T, Steffes J, Harris D, Shone LP, Woo H, Vaughan R, Grundmeier RW, Fiks AG, Stockwell MS, Resnicow K. Reducing paediatric overweight and obesity through motivational interviewing: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial in the AAP PROS research network. BMJ Open. 2020 Jul 28;10(7):e035720. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035720. — View Citation

* Note: There are 21 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Determine the effectiveness and dose-response relationship of a pragmatic, system-integrated child-hood obesity intervention using mBMI2Kids (a modified BMI2 approach) at follow-up.	Hypothesis 1-1: At 2-yr follow-up, patients ages 2-8 yrs with baseline BMI =85th percentile who were reached in intervention clinics will show a net mean BMI decrease between 0.8 and 1.0 kg/m2 (adjusted for sex, age) compared to usual care (population effect).; Hypothesis 1-2: At 2-yr follow-up, patients who received the full planned MI-dose (defined as 8 of 12 sessions) will show a net mean BMI decrease between 1.0 and 1.2 kg/m2 (adjusted for sex, age) compared to usual care (individual effect).	2 years
Secondary	Investigate how patient characteristics such as minority or low-income background and parental obesity modify the effect of the mBMI2Kids intervention (Heterogeneity of effects).	Minority or low-income background patients need a higher MI dose than other patient groups in achieving a targeted mean BMI decrease of 1.0 kg/m2 (adjusted for sex, age).; Guided by the RE-AIM framework 25, we will examine reach (based on participation), effectiveness (BMI) com-pared to usual care, MI dose-response), adoption (based on clinics and PCPs participating actively), implementation (fidelity to intervention, delayed intervention), and address maintenance and potential sustainability.	2 years