Phase 3 Trial of Blinatumomab vs Standard Chemotherapy in Pediatric Subjects With HIgh-Risk (HR) First Relapse B-precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)

Leukemia, Acute Lymphoblastic Clinical Trial

Official title:

Phase 3 Trial to Investigate the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Blinatumomab as Consolidation Therapy Versus Conventional Consolidation Chemotherapy in Pediatric Subjects With HR First Relapse B-precursor ALL

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT02393859
• Other study ID #: 20120215
• Secondary ID: 2014-002476-92
• Status: Completed
• Phase: Phase 3
• Start date: November 10, 2015
• Est. completion date: November 21, 2022

Study information

• Verified date: February 2024
• Source: Amgen
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

B-precursor ALL is an aggressive malignant disease. Therapy is usually stratified according to risk characteristics to ensure that appropriate treatment is administered to patients with high-risk of relapse. In general, pediatric treatment regimens are more intense than those employed in adults and include courses of combination chemotherapy. Standard of care chemotherapy is associated with considerable toxicity. There is a lack of novel treatment options for subjects who relapse or are refractory to treatment. Therefore, innovative therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. Blinatumomab is a bispecific single-chain antibody construct designed to link B cells and T cells resulting in T cell activation and a cytotoxic T cell response against CD19 expressing cells. This study will evaluate the event-free survival (EFS) after treatment with blinatumomab when compared to standard of care (SOC) chemotherapy. The effect of blinatumomab on overall survival and reduction of minimal residual disease compared to SOC chemotherapy will also be investigated.

Description:

Patients will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either one cycle of blinatumomab or one block of standard high-risk consolidation chemotherapy. Blinatumomab is administered as a continuous intravenous infusion (CIVI). One cycle of blinatumomab treatment includes 4 weeks of CIVI of blinatumomab. After completing consolidation therapy, the patients should undergo alloHSCT depending on their bone marrow status. The patients will be followed up until the last subject on study is 36 months following alloHSCT or has died, whichever is first.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 111
• Est. completion date: November 21, 2022
• Est. primary completion date: July 17, 2019
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 0 Years to 17 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Subjects with Philadelphia chromosome negative (Ph-) high-risk (HR) first relapse B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL; as defined by International Berlin-Frankfurt-Muenster study group/International study for treatment of childhood relapsed ALL [I-BFM SG/IntReALL] criteria)
• Subjects with bone marrow blast percentage < 5% (M1) or bone marrow blast percentage < 25% and =5% (M2) marrow at the time of randomization,
• Age > 28 days and < 18 years at the time of informed consent/assent
• Subject's legally acceptable representative has provided informed consent when the subject is legally too young to provide informed consent and the subject has provided written assent based on local regulations and/or guidelines prior to any study-specific activities/procedures being initiated
• Availability of the following material from relapse diagnosis for central analysis of minimal residual disease (MRD) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR): clone-specific primers and reference deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), as well as primer sequences and analyzed sequences of clonal rearrangements (cases with isolated extramedullary relapse or cases with technical and/or logistic hurdles to obtain and process bone marrow material are exempt from providing this material. In these cases, central MRD analysis only by Flow is permitted).

Exclusion Criteria:

• Clinically relevant central nervous system (CNS) pathology requiring treatment (eg, unstable epilepsy). Evidence of current CNS (CNS 2, CNS 3) involvement by ALL. Subjects with CNS relapse at the time of relapse are eligible if CNS is successfully treated prior to enrollment
• Peripheral neutrophils < 500/µL prior to start of treatment
• Peripheral platelets < 50,000/µL prior to start of treatment
• Currently receiving treatment in another investigational device or drug study or less than 4 weeks since ending treatment on another investigational device or drug study(s), procedures required by IntReALL high-risk (HR) guidelines are allowed
• Chemotherapy related toxicities that have not resolved to = grade 2 (except for parameters defined in Exclusion Criteria 202, 203, 204, and 217)
• Symptoms and/or clinical signs and/or radiological and/or sonographic signs that indicate an acute or uncontrolled chronic infection, any other concurrent disease or medical condition that could be exacerbated by the treatment or would seriously complicate compliance with the protocol
• Abnormal renal or hepatic function prior to start of treatment (day 1) as defined below
• Abnormal serum creatinine based on age/gender
• Total bilirubin > 3.0 mg/dL prior to start of treatment (unless related to Gilbert's or Meulengracht disease)
• Documented infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
• Known hypersensitivity to immunoglobulins or any of the products or components to be administered during dosing (excluding asparaginase)
• Post-menarchal female subject who is pregnant or breastfeeding, or is planning to become pregnant or breastfeed while receiving protocol-specified therapy and for at least 12 months after the last dose of chemotherapy
• Post-menarchal female subject who is not willing to practice true sexual abstinence or use a highly effective form of contraception while receiving protocol-specified therapy and for at least 12 months after the last dose of chemotherapy
• Sexually mature male subject who is not willing to practice true sexual abstinence or use a condom with spermicide while receiving protocol-specified therapy and for at least 6 months after last dose of chemotherapy. In countries where spermicide is not available, a condom without spermicide is acceptable
• Sexually mature male subject who is not willing to abstain from sperm donation while receiving protocol-specified therapy and for at least 6 months after last dose of chemotherapy
• Subject likely to not be available to complete all protocol-required study visits or procedures, including follow-up visits, and/or to comply with all required study procedures to the best of the subject's and investigator's knowledge
• History or evidence of any other clinically significant disorder, condition or disease (with the exception of those outlined above) that, in the opinion of the investigator or Amgen physician, if consulted, would pose a risk to subject safety or interfere with the study evaluation, procedures, or completion
• Placed into an institution due to juridical or regulatory ruling.

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Leukemia
• Leukemia, Acute Lymphoblastic
• Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
• Recurrence

Intervention

Drug:
• Blinatumomab
15 µg/m^2/day as a continuous intravenous infusion (CIVI) for 4 weeks
• Dexamethasone
10 mg/m^2/day intravenous (IV) on Days 1-6
• Vincrisitne
1.5 mg/m^2/day IV on Days 1 and 6
• Daunorubicin
30 mg/m^2 IV over 24 hours on Day 5
• Methotrexate
1 g/m^2 IV over 36 hours on Day 1
• Ifosfamide
800 mg/m^2 IV for 1 hour on Days 2-4
• PEG-asparaginase
1000 U/m^2 IV for 2 hours or intramuscularly (IM) on Day 6
• Erwinia-asparaginase
In case of allergic reaction to PEG-asparaginase, participants could change to erwinia-asparaginase, 20,000 units/m2 every 48 hours for a total of 6 doses

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Argentina	Research Site	Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires	Buenos Aires
Australia	Research Site	Parkville	Victoria
Australia	Research Site	Randwick	New South Wales
Australia	Research Site	South Brisbane	Queensland
Australia	Research Site	Westmead	New South Wales
Austria	Research Site	Graz
Austria	Research Site	Innsbruck
Austria	Research Site	Wien
Belgium	Research Site	Brussels
Belgium	Research Site	Brussels
Belgium	Research Site	Gent
Belgium	Research Site	Leuven
Belgium	Research Site	Liege
Brazil	Research Site	Curitba	Paraná
Brazil	Research Site	Porto Alegre	Rio Grande Do Sul
Brazil	Research Site	Sao Paulo	São Paulo
Brazil	Research Site	Sao Paulo	São Paulo
Czechia	Research Site	Praha 5
Denmark	Research Site	Kobenhavn O
France	Research Site	Bordeaux Cedex
France	Research Site	Lille
France	Research Site	Lyon
France	Research Site	Marseille cedex 5
France	Research Site	Montpellier cedex 05
France	Research Site	Nantes cedex 1
France	Research Site	Paris
France	Research Site	Paris
France	Research Site	Strasbourg Cedex
France	Research Site	Vandoeuvre les Nancy
Germany	Research Site	Berlin
Germany	Research Site	Duesseldorf
Germany	Research Site	Erlangen
Germany	Research Site	Essen
Germany	Research Site	Frankfurt am Main
Germany	Research Site	Freiburg
Germany	Research Site	Giessen
Germany	Research Site	Hamburg
Germany	Research Site	Hannover
Germany	Research Site	Jena
Germany	Research Site	Kiel
Germany	Research Site	München
Germany	Research Site	Münster
Germany	Research Site	Tübingen
Germany	Research Site	Ulm
Germany	Research Site	Würzburg
Greece	Research Site	Goudi
Israel	Research Site	Haifa
Israel	Research Site	Jerusalem
Israel	Research Site	Petah Tikva
Israel	Research Site	Tel Aviv
Israel	Research Site	Tel Hashomer
Italy	Research Site	Bologna
Italy	Research Site	Genova
Italy	Research Site	Monza (MB)
Italy	Research Site	Napoli
Italy	Research Site	Padova
Italy	Research Site	Pavia
Italy	Research Site	Roma
Italy	Research Site	Roma
Italy	Research Site	Torino
Mexico	Research Site	Guadalajara	Jalisco
Mexico	Research Site	Mexico	Distrito Federal
Mexico	Research Site	Monterrey	Nuevo León
Netherlands	Research Site	Rotterdam
Netherlands	Research Site	Utrecht
Norway	Research Site	Oslo
Poland	Research Site	Bydgoszcz
Poland	Research Site	Krakow
Poland	Research Site	Lublin
Poland	Research Site	Wroclaw
Poland	Research Site	Zabrze
Portugal	Research Site	Lisboa
Portugal	Research Site	Porto
Romania	Research Site	Bucharest
Romania	Research Site	Cluj-Napoca
Russian Federation	Research Site	Moscow
Russian Federation	Research Site	Saint Petersburg
Spain	Research Site	Barcelona	Cataluña
Spain	Research Site	Barcelona	Cataluña
Spain	Research Site	Boadilla del Monte	Madrid
Spain	Research Site	El Palmar	Murcia
Spain	Research Site	Madrid
Spain	Research Site	Madrid
Spain	Research Site	Malaga	Andalucía
Spain	Research Site	Santander	Cantabria
Spain	Research Site	Santiago de Compostela	Galicia
Spain	Research Site	Sevilla	Andalucía
Spain	Research Site	Valencia	Comunidad Valenciana
Sweden	Research Site	Stockholm
Switzerland	Research Site	Basel
Switzerland	Research Site	Zuerich
Turkey	Research Site	Adana
Turkey	Research Site	Antalya
Turkey	Research Site	Izmir
Turkey	Research Site	Kayseri
United Kingdom	Research Site	Birmingham
United Kingdom	Research Site	Bristol
United Kingdom	Research Site	Glasgow
United Kingdom	Research Site	London
United Kingdom	Research Site	Manchester
United Kingdom	Research Site	Newcastle upon Tyne
United Kingdom	Research Site	Sheffield
United Kingdom	Research Site	Sutton

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Amgen

Countries where clinical trial is conducted

Argentina,  Australia,  Austria,  Belgium,  Brazil,  Czechia,  Denmark,  France,  Germany,  Greece,  Israel,  Italy,  Mexico,  Netherlands,  Norway,  Poland,  Portugal,  Romania,  Russian Federation,  Spain,  Sweden,  Switzerland,  Turkey,  United Kingdom, 

References & Publications (5)

Blinatumomabe em pacientes pediátricos com leucemia linfoblástica aguda B em primeira recidiva de alto risco: um estudo de custo-efetividade. van Beurden-Tan CHY, Ribeiro RA, Seber A, de Martino Lee ML, Marçola M, Schuetz R, Loggetto SR, Maiolino A. Jornal Brasileiro de Economia da Saúde 14(1): 41-50. 10.21115/JBES.v14.n1.p41-50

Caillon M, Brethon B, van Beurden-Tan C, Supiot R, Le Mezo A, Chauny JV, Majer I, Petit A. Cost-Effectiveness of Blinatumomab in Pediatric Patients with High-Risk First-Relapse B-Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in France. Pharmacoecon Open. 2023 Jul;7(4):639-653. doi: 10.1007/s41669-023-00411-4. Epub 2023 Apr 18. — View Citation

Locatelli F, Eckert C, Hrusak O, Buldini B, Sartor M, Zugmaier G, Zeng Y, Pilankar D, Morris J, von Stackelberg A. Blinatumomab overcomes poor prognostic impact of measurable residual disease in pediatric high-risk first relapse B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2022 Aug;69(8):e29715. doi: 10.1002/pbc.29715. Epub 2022 Apr 28. — View Citation

Locatelli F, Zugmaier G, Rizzari C, Morris JD, Gruhn B, Klingebiel T, Parasole R, Linderkamp C, Flotho C, Petit A, Micalizzi C, Mergen N, Mohammad A, Kormany WN, Eckert C, Moricke A, Sartor M, Hrusak O, Peters C, Saha V, Vinti L, von Stackelberg A. Effect of Blinatumomab vs Chemotherapy on Event-Free Survival Among Children With High-risk First-Relapse B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2021 Mar 2;325(9):843-854. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.0987. — View Citation

Locatelli F, Zugmaier G, Rizzari C, Morris JD, Gruhn B, Klingebiel T, Parasole R, Linderkamp C, Flotho C, Petit A, Micalizzi C, Zeng Y, Desai R, Kormany WN, Eckert C, Moricke A, Sartor M, Hrusak O, Peters C, Saha V, Vinti L, von Stackelberg A. Improved survival and MRD remission with blinatumomab vs. chemotherapy in children with first high-risk relapse B-ALL. Leukemia. 2023 Jan;37(1):222-225. doi: 10.1038/s41375-022-01770-3. Epub 2022 Dec 8. No abstract available. — View Citation

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Kaplan Meier Estimate: Event-Free Survival (EFS; Primary Analysis)	EFS is calculated from the time of randomization until the date of relapse or M2 marrow (representative bone marrow aspirate or biopsy with = 5% and < 25% blasts) after having achieved a complete remission (CR), failure to achieve a CR at the end of treatment, second malignancy, or death due to any cause, whichever occurs first. Participants who failed to achieve a CR following treatment with investigational product (IP) or who died before the disease assessment at the end of treatment were considered treatment failures and assigned an EFS duration of 1 day. Participants still alive and event-free were censored on their last disease assessment date.; Participants were said to be in CR when they had the following: M1 marrow; Peripheral blood without blasts; Absence of extramedullary leukemic involvement; Months are calculated as days from randomization date to event/censor date, divided by 30.5.	As of the primary analysis data cutoff date (17 July 2019), overall median follow-up time for EFS was 22.4 months.
Primary	Kaplan Meier Estimate: EFS (Final Analysis)	EFS is calculated from the time of randomization until the date of relapse or M2 marrow after having achieved a CR, failure to achieve a CR at the end of treatment, second malignancy, or death due to any cause, whichever occurs first. Participants who failed to achieve a CR following treatment with IP or who died before the disease assessment at the end of treatment were considered treatment failures and assigned an EFS duration of 1 day. Participants still alive and event-free were censored on their last disease assessment date.; Participants were said to be in CR when they had the following: M1 marrow; Peripheral blood without blasts; Absence of extramedullary leukemic involvement; Months are calculated as days from randomization date to event/censor date, divided by 30.5.	At final analysis, overall median follow-up time for EFS was 51.9 months.
Secondary	Kaplan Meier Estimate: Overall Survival (OS)	OS was calculated from time of randomization until death due to any cause. Participants still alive were censored at the date they were last known to be alive.; Months were calculated as days from randomization date to event/censor date, divided by 30.5.	At final analysis, overall median follow-up time for OS was 55.2 months.
Secondary	Percentage of Participants With an MRD Response Within 29 Days of Treatment Initiation	At the end of the first treatment cycle (Day 29) a bone marrow aspiration/biopsy was performed and evaluated by the central MRD laboratory.; MRD response was defined as MRD level < 10^-4, by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or flow cytometry, at the end of treatment (Cycle 1 Day 29) with study drug. Participants who were part of the MRD Evaluable Set and were missing the end of treatment (Cycle 1 Day 29) assessment for a respective MRD assessment method were considered not to have achieved a response.	Up to End of Treatment (Cycle 1, Day 29)
Secondary	Cumulative Incidence of Relapse (CIR)	CIR estimate, presented as median months to relapse, calculated from date of achievement of first CR, using the cumulative incidence method (Fine JP, Gray RJ:1999). Deaths prior to relapse not considered related to an otherwise undocumented relapse were treated as a competing risk. Participants still alive without a date of relapse were censored at the time of last follow-up.; Relapse=presence of =1 of the following: isolated bone marrow relapse (M3 marrow [representative bone marrow aspirate or biopsy with =25% blasts] in the absence of extramedullary involvement); combined bone marrow relapse (M2 [representative bone marrow aspirate or biopsy with =5% and <25% blasts] or M3 marrow and =1 extramedullary manifestation of acute lymphoblastic leukemia); central nervous system extramedullary relapse; testicular extramedullary relapse; extramedullary relapse at other sites; Months were calculated as days from randomization to event/censor date, divided by 30.5.	At final analysis, the overall maximum follow-up time was 82.0 months.
Secondary	Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) and Treatment-Related Adverse Events (TRAEs)	Adverse event (AE): any untoward medical occurrence. Serious AE: an AE meeting at least 1 of the following serious criteria: fatal; life-threatening; requires in-patient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization; results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity; congenital anomaly/birth defect; other medically important serious event. Severity was graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for AEs (CTCAE) version 4.03: 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe, 4=life-threatening, 5=death. Investigational product (IP) in the HC3 arm refers to dexamethasone, methotrexate, daunorubicin, erwinase, ifosfamide, asparaginase, and vincristine, and in the blinatumomab arm refers to blinatumomab. Treatment-related refers to the assessment of a relationship between IP and the event.	From first dose of IP through the last dose of IP (up to Day 29) plus 30 days.
Secondary	Number of Participants With TEAEs of Interest	TEAEs of interest included capillary leak syndrome (CLS), cytokine release syndrome (CRS), decreased immunoglobulins (DI), elevated liver enzymes (ELE), embolic and thrombotic events (ETE), infections (INF), infusion reactions without considering duration (IRWCD), medication errors (ME), neurologic events (NE), neutropenia and febrile neutropenia (NFN), pancreatitis (PNC), tumor lysis syndrome, leukoencephalopathy, immunogenicity. Severity was graded according to the CTCAE version 4.03: 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe, 4=life-threatening, 5=death.	From first dose of IP through the last dose of IP (up to Day 29) plus 30 days.
Secondary	Number of Participants With Shifts From Baseline Grade 0 or 1 to Worst Postbaseline Grade 3 or 4 Clinical Chemistry and Hematology Values	Severity was graded according to the CTCAE version 4.03: 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe, 4=life-threatening, 5=death. Increases (?) or decreases (?) in laboratory value grades (Gr) from baseline (BL) to worst postbaseline (? PB) grade are presented. NA=not available.	Up to Day 29 (± 2 days).
Secondary	Kaplan-Meier Estimate of 100-Day Mortality After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (alloHSCT)	The analysis of 100-day mortality after alloHSCT was assessed for participants who received an alloHSCT while in remission and did not receive any additional anti-leukemic treatment. 100-day mortality after alloHSCT was calculated relative to the date of alloHSCT.; The 100-day mortality rate after alloHSCT was defined as the percentage of participants having died up to 100 days after alloHSCT, estimated using the estimated time to death in percent calculated by Kaplan-Meier methods. Participants still alive were censored at the date they were last known to be alive.	From the date of alloHSCT until death/censor date; median follow up time was 1742.0 days for blinatumomab and 1619.0 days for HC3.
Secondary	Number of Participants With Anti-Blinatumomab Antibodies Postbaseline (Blinatumomab Arm Only)	Participants receiving blinatumomab had blood samples analyzed for binding antibodies. Samples testing positive for binding antibodies were also tested for neutralizing antibodies.; Participants who were binding antibody-positive or neutralizing antibody-positive post-baseline with a negative or no result at baseline are presented.	Day 1 to Day 29.
Secondary	Pharmacokinetics: Concentration at Steady State (Css) (Blinatumomab Arm Only)		Day 1: at least 10 hours after infusion start and up to 24 hours; Day 15
Secondary	Pharmacokinetics: Clearance (CL) (Blinatumomab Arm Only)		Day 1: at least 10 hours after infusion start and up to 24 hours; Day 15

External Links

•   AmgenTrials clinical trials website