View clinical trials related to Infections.
Filter by:Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) are the most common healthcare-associated infection in children and are associated with morbidity and mortality. This study will attempt to identify the source of bloodstream infections (BSIs) in children with CLABSI because we hypothesize that many of the BSIs that are currently classified as CLABSIs are actually laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infections (LCBI) that may be a result of mucosal barrier injury (MBI), also known as MBI-LCBI. In order to study this, we will isolate bacteria from multiple body sites of children that have BSI in order to compare these bacteria to the strain growing in their blood using whole-genome DNA sequencing. We will also evaluate biomarkers of MBI of the respiratory tract and GI tract.
The purpose of this study is to determine whether MRX-I is as safe and effective as Linezolid in the treatment of adult patients with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections
Genital HPV is the necessary cause for cervical cancer, as well as a major contributing cause of several other cancers and conditions. There are now effective vaccines against the main oncogenic HPV types, HPV16 and 18. Most research and discussion has focused on targeting the vaccine to young women and older adolescents. Based on this, a national free HPV vaccination program for adolescent girls commenced in 2007, in Australia. However, at the time of commencement, there had been no research on the use of this vaccine in immunosuppressed. Therefore, information on the immunogenicity, safety and duration of efficacy of HPV vaccine when administered to immunosuppressed children is needed. This trial looked at a 3 dose schedule of quadrivalent HPV vaccine in a range of immunosuppressed children, with the endpoint being immunogenicity, followed for 5 years for duration of immunity.
Temocillin (6-methoxy-ticarcillin) is a beta-lactam antibiotic with exceptional resistance to most beta-lactamases. In this context, it is now increasingly used as carbapenem-sparing antibiotic in patients with suspected infection by Enterobactreriaceae suspected to produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. Little is known about dosing and elimination of temocillin in children. While available literature of temocillin use in paediatrics refers mainly to its clinical efficacy in the treatment of urinary tract infections, the drug is also used for the treatment of suspicion of cholangitis in cirrhotic paediatric patients, and as antibiotic prophylaxis following an hepatic transplant in children (both off-label indications). There is, therefore, a pressing need to explore the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of temocillin in the paediatric population, in order to provide clear guidance on an appropriate dosing regimen. The study objectives are: (1) characterisation of the pharmacokinetics (PK) of temocillin in 3 paediatric populations, (2) proposal and development of a dosing schedule that can ensure therapeutic concentrations (40% ƒT > MIC) and optimize treatment chances of success, and (3) characterization of MICs of microbiological strains (when available) to temocillin.
The purpose of this study was to compare the rate of surgical site infections in patients randomized to Irrisept versus SoC, who had an open abdominal laparotomy for abdominal trauma or acute surgical abdomen.
The purpose of the study is to determine the safety and efficacy of Fecal Microbiota Transplant (FMT) for the treatment of the recurrence of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) as compared to standard antibiotic therapy. Patients who have tested positive for CDI within 90 days of an admission for relapse of CDI will be approached to participate in this open-label, randomized controlled trial. Patients will either be randomized to the intervention group (receive FMT via retention enema) or the control group (receive antimicrobials targeting CDI).
With aging of the general population and broadening indications, the number of pacemaker recipients is steadily increasing. The incidence of infections of the implanted material, a dreaded major complication, is also rising. The diagnosis is evident in presence of an abscessed pocket, cutaneous breakthrough of the pulse generator or vegetations attached to the lead. On the other hand, a proportion of patients present with less specific clinical manifestations and a pacemaker recipient may be recurrently hospitalized for an infectious disorder of unknown origin despite detailed investigations. Without proof of lead infection, removal of the system without confirmation of its infection is usually proposed, despite the known morbidity and mortality associated with the extraction procedure (0.5 to 2%). Positive culture of the leads implies that the leads were involved in the infectious process. In recent years, 18FDG-PET-CT scan has made promising contributions in different areas including imaging to detect infection at different organ sites. Absence of hyperfixation of the lead, identified by 18FDG-PET/CT scan may be an accurate sign of absence of pacing system infection. The extraction of intracardiac implanted material, when it is indicated by the current standard strategy, may result in negative bacteriological cultures in 10 to 25% of patients, even when they did not receive antibiotics before extraction. The hypothesis of the study is that a new strategy adding 18FDG-PET-CT to the current strategy may avoid or reduce these false-positives. Therefore it is hypothesized that the sensitivity of 18FDG-PET-CT will be high enough to avoid unnecessary extractions of uninfected leads, resulting in a high negative predictive value of the new diagnostic strategy incorporating 18FDG-PET-CT. The present study aims at providing valid estimates of diagnostic accuracy parameters of 18FDG-PET-CT, especially its sensitivity. For this clinical study, firstly, 18FDG-PET-CT exam will be performed in patients, with suspicion of pacing or defibrillation lead infection, hospitalized in cardiology unit; secondarily, an intervention for the extraction of the intra-cardiac material, under general anesthesia, will be practiced and then a bacteriological culture for extracted material will be required. The end of study visit is complete the last day of material extraction. The follow up will last 2 to 7 days.
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are the second most common infection in the body. UTIs account for five percent of all visits to primary care physicians. Many women who have had a UTI will develop recurring urinary tract infections. Recent studies suggest that some women who suffer from recurrent UTIs have urinary tracts that allow bacteria to adhere to it more readily than others. Women who suffered from bladder inflammation and recurrent UTIs were noted to have reduced UTIs and bladder inflammation with heparin bladder instillations. Heparin is a highly-sulfated glycosaminoglycan and stored within the secretory granules of mast cells and released only into the vasculature at sites of tissue injury. It has been proposed that, in addition to anticoagulation, the main purpose of heparin is defense at such sites against invading bacteria and other foreign materials. The central question the research is intended to answer is does Heparin bladder instillations decrease UTI rates in patients.
Acute lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) account for more than 27% of all hospitalizations among US children under five years of age, with recurrent LRTIs in children a recognized risk factor for asthma. Residential biomass combustion leads to elevated indoor levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) that often exceed current health-based air quality standards. PM2.5 exposure is associated with many adverse health outcomes, including a greater than three-fold increased risk of LRTIs. To date, exposure reduction strategies in wood stove homes have been either inconsistently effective or include factors that limit widespread dissemination and continued compliance in rural and economically disadvantaged populations. In this project, the investigators propose to test the efficacy of two intervention strategies for reducing indoor wood smoke PM2.5 exposures and children's risk of LRTI in three unique and underserved settings: (1) rural mountain valley communities in western Montana; (2) Navajo Nation communities; and (3) Alaska Native Villages. The investigators will conduct a three-arm randomized placebo-controlled post-only intervention trial in wood stove homes with children less than five years old. Education on best-burn practices and training on the use of simple instruments (i.e., stove thermometers and wood moisture meters) will be introduced as one intervention arm (Tx1). This intervention will be evaluated against an indoor air filtration unit arm (Tx2), as well as a placebo arm (Tx3, sham air filters). The primary outcome will be LRTI incidence among children under five years of age. To allow for detection of exposure and outcome differences within each of the three regions, a sample of 324 homes, or 108 within each study area will be equally assigned to each of the three intervention arms. The overall hypothesis is that a low-cost, educational intervention targeting indoor wood smoke PM2.5 exposures will be sustainable, and can reduce children's risk of LRTI in underserved Native and rural communities.
Background: - WHIMS (Warts, Hypogammaglobulinemia, Infections, and Myelokathexis Syndrome) is a rare disease. It can cause cancers, infections, and warts. Researchers want to see if a drug called plerixafor can treat WHIMS. Objective: - To compare plerixafor versus granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) for preventing infections in people with WHIMS. Eligibility: - People ages 10-75 with WHIMS who have a CXCR4 gene mutation. Design: - Participants will be screened with a medical history, physical exam, and blood and urine tests. They may have heart and spleen tests and body scans. They may have samples of skin or warts taken. Researchers may take photographs of warts. - Participants will start twice daily self-injections of G-CSF. Their doctors will decide the dosage. - Initial Period (4-12 weeks) - Participants will: - continue the injections and their usual antibiotics and/or immunoglobulin - have blood drawn - keep a daily health diary - Participants will visit the clinic for 2 days without injections. - Adjustment Period 1 (8 weeks): - Participants will: - continue twice daily injections from home - continue the daily health diary - have blood tests every 2 weeks. - Treatment Year 1: - Participants will - receive either plerixafor or G-CSF injections twice daily - continue the health diary - have blood tests every 2 months - visit the clinic about every 4 months - At the end of year 1, participants will visit the clinic for an evaluation. They will switch to the other study drug. They will have an 8-week adjustment and 1-year treatment period. - At the end of year 2, participants will visit the clinic to complete their injections and go back to their previous G-CSF regimen. Participants will continue their daily health diary and have blood tests for 5-6 months.