View clinical trials related to Infections.
Filter by:This is a multicenter, single arm, 96-week open-label study of the safety and virologic efficacy of fixed dose combination Dolutegravir/Lamivudine/Abacavir (DTG/3TC/ABC FDC) initiated during acute HIV infection (AHI).
The primary objective of I-CARE is to assess prospectively the presence and the extent of safety concerns (cancers, especially, lymphoma, and serious infections risks) for anti-TNF alone or in combination with thiopurines among IBD patients. We will stratify the risk of cancers and serious infections according to IBD phenotype and disease activity (clinical, radiologic and endoscopic).
The purpose of this research is to determine if using the antibiotic vancomycin as a preventative topical (on the surface of the skin) treatment during open-heart surgery will reduce the risk of developing a sternal wound infection.
To compare the eradication success rate between 10-days sequential therapy and 7-days tailored therapy based on H. pylori culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
As increasing the antibiotics resistance, the effectiveness of traditional Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) therapies has been declined coincidentally. In this study, the investigators evaluated the efficacy of H. pylori eradication between a 7 days personalized therapy for H. pylori infection based on the results of antibiotics resistance by using H. pylori culture and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the 14 days bismuth contained quadruple 2nd rescue regimens, and the investigators analyzed the prevalence of the antibiotic resistance after 1st eradication of H. pylori in the tailored therapy group.
The investigators will determine the efficacy of an innovative short regimen of methenamine hippurate on prevention of post-operative UTI in patients requiring short-term catheterization after pelvic reconstructive surgery through a single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Primary outcome will be the rate of symptomatic UTI within 3 weeks of catheter removal. The investigators will study cost-effectiveness, antibiotic resistance profiles, and adverse drug effects. Findings may reduce antibiotic use and nosocomial UTIs.
Approximately, 3% of males and 8% of females will develop a urinary tract infection (UTI) during childhood, and most of these will be effectively treated by short-term antibiotic therapy. A subset of these children (20-48%), will develop recurrent UTI (RUTI), which may have long-term effects in the form of hypertension or renal damage. In an effort to prevent RUTIs physicians prescribe sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (Septra) or nitrofurantoin as low dose antibiotic prophylaxis. However, recent evidence suggests that during prophylactic therapy the body is exposed to antibiotic levels capable of increasing antibiotic resistance and bacterial virulence. This has been shown to be true in the uropathogens E. coli and Staphylococcus saprophyticus, yet it is not known if Enterococcus sp. demonstrate similar mechanisms. Additionally, antibiotics have been shown to disrupt the natural balance of the human microbiome, potentially leading to major long term problems. As a uropathogen, enterococci consistently rank in the top 3 causes of RUTI, especially in children under 3 years of age. Additionally, Enterococcus is notorious for developing antibiotic resistance and studies have shown that children with enterococcal UTIs exhibit a higher rate of recurrence than those with non-enterococcal UTIs. The investigators hypothesize the current practice of antibiotic prophylaxis in children with RUTI is detrimental and can change the bacterial and sensitivity profiles of these patients.
Fluoroquinolones (FQ) are among pivotal antibiotic treatments in difficult-to-treat infections. Their efficacy has been shown to be linked to the ratio area under the curve (AUC) of their plasma concentrations over the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the bacteria treated. Eventually, Forrest et al., reported in gram-negative infections that an AUC/MIC above 125 conducted to a 80 to 90% clinical success whereas success decrease to 30 to 40% in patients with an AUC/MIC below this threshold. These results have been reproduced recently by Zelenitsky et al. in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with threshold similar to the one obtained by Forrest et al. Lastly, elevated concentrations of FQ should be related with the onset of adverse events. Thus, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of FQ appears of potential interest, particularly in case of severe infections (intensive care unit (ICU) patients) or complicated and cost-related infections (osteoarticular infected (OAI) patients), with an increasing level of evidence of its use. However, FQ TDM requires access to the full AUC of the drug with the need of many samples drawn to patients. This appears to be irreconcilable with clinical practice but can be achieved using population pharmacokinetic (PkPop) modelling. PkPop allows estimating pharmacokinetic parameters of the drug by introducing covariates (demographic, biological, clinical…) and modelling inter-individual pharmacokinetic variability. The model created allows then accessing to individual parameters of patients and thus, estimating concentrations and AUC of the FQ. This approach may also be used in clinical practice to determine a limited sampling strategy allowing an adequate estimation of AUC with a minimum of samples.
In order to improve the investigators knowledge about uveitis and the underlying mechanism of disease, the investigators propose collecting blood from patients with uveitis, isolating DNA and sequencing the DNA to identify genetic mutations or associations in these patients.
The purpose of this study is to determine if the use of inhaled beclomethasone after a community-acquired respiratory viral infection in a lung transplant recipient decreases the risk of the subsequent development of chronic lung allograft dysfunction.