View clinical trials related to Infection.
Filter by:This is an open-label dynamic whole-body PET/CT (positron emission tomography/computed tomography) study for investigation of radiation dosimetry, plasma pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, safety and diagnostic performance of 18F-FDS in healthy volunteers and patients with suspected infection. A single dose of nearly 370 MBq 18F-FDS will be intravenously injected into healthy volunteers and patients with suspected infection. Visual and semiquantitative method will be used to assess the PET/CT images. Changes of blood pressure, pulse, respiration, temperature, routine blood and urine tests, serum alanine aminotransferase, albumin, and creatinine, and any adverse events will be collected from the volunteers. Adverse events will also be observed in the patients.
1. Drug resistance of G+ cocci is a severe healthcare problem. According to the Ministry of Health National Antimicrobial Resistant Investigation Net (mohnarin) surveillance report, the isolation rate of MRSA is some 60% in China. MRSA infection has become a serious clinical problem; 2. Vancomycin is a bactericidal glycopeptide antibiotic which inhibits bacterial growth by hindering the synthesis of cell wall in bacteria. It exerts strong antibiotic effect to Gram+ bacteria. It is indicated for serious staphylococcus infections especially MRSA infection and has become the gold standard agent in MRSA treatment; 3. Vancomycin is a time-dependent antibiotic, its clinical and microbiological efficacy is related to area under curve（ AUC）/minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC ）(AUIC). Cmin at steady state is an surrogate parameter of AUIC, which is closely associated to the efficacy; 4. AUIC >400 and Cmin between 15~20 mg/L are recommended for effective vancomycin treatment by Infectious Diseases Society of America （IDSA） although it is still disputable; 5. Due to the absence of PK/PD study on vancomycin in China, administration of vancomycin is performed in reference to the recommendation of IDSA. Its suitability to Chinese patients is still to be clarified; 6. Plasma concentrations of vancomycin vary significantly between population and individuals. Factors such as large-volume fluid infusion, hypoproteinemia and renal clearance, etc. will influence the distribution and excretion of vancomycin, resulting in different plasma concentrations between individuals. Results of PK studies differ greatly between China and abroad. Administration based on the AUIC or Cmin recommended by IDSA would not be suitable to Chinese patients. Given the definite long-term benefit of vancomycin treatment, the AUIC or Cmin suitable to Chinese patients must be identified by clinical study. 7. The PK/PD study on vancomycin in the treatment to MRSA septicemia and endocarditis is of great significance for more reasonable use and improved therapeutic efficacy of MRSA infection.
Surgical site infections (SSIs) is one of the most common complications of upper abdominal surgery. Previous studies found that type of surgical incision, emergency operation or not, surgical duration, age of patient, body mass index, malignance duration, malnutrition, complications (diabetes, shock, anemia et al) and drug (Long-term use of corticosteroids) are closely associated with the incidence of SSIs. The general incidence rate of SSIs was about 5% to 40%, although using the preoperative skin disinfectant and other methods to prevent and reduce the SSIs. And for the gastrointestinal surgery, due to the potential risk of infection, SSIs is an important problem which cannot be ignored. On the other hand, gastric cancer is one of the most common digestive system tumors, and gastrectomy is the primary therapeutic options. Therefore, it is important to compare the whether the different liquid (1% povidone-iodine solution or the 0.9% normal saline) wash the incision can influent the incidence of the SSIs.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the short-term effect of sealant-assisted skin closure in prevention of surgical site infection after laparoscopic surgery.
Implantable venous access port infections are mainly due to coagulase negative staphylococci and may be managed by antibiotic lock therapy with retention of the port. Most of the time a vancomycin lock is used. Experimental data show that vancomycin may be poorly effective in eradicating the staphylococcal biofilm in the port. Another disadvantage of Vancomycin-containing lock solution is the occurrence of resistant organisms and the risk of catheter occlusion. Ethanol-containing lock solution is highly effective in vitro and does not expose to the risk of emergence resistance.
Recurrent or refractory Clostridium difficile Infection (RCDI), with a recent increased incidence, is one of the most difficult and increasingly challenges for CDI. Since Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) has been accepted as the first-line therapy for RCDI, it is prudent to consider less invasive and more convenient means of administering FMT. The majority of reported FMT procedures have been performed with fresh or frozen stool suspensions via colonoscopy or nasojejunal tube. Nowadays, using acid-resistant hypromellose capsules, Youngster et al. significantly simplified the clinical practice of FMT and removed the need for invasive gastrointestinal procedures. However, to avoid undesirable disintegration, those capsules containing stool suspensions must be kept frozen all the time, which extremely limits their widespread application. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of freeze-dried, capsulized FMT for RCDI.
There is no difference between using chlorhexidine-based antisepsis protocol versus povidone-iodine protocol in reduction of surgical site infection in women undergoing cesarean section.
This is a prospective, randomized, blinded clinical trial to determine if the Air Barrier System device reduces the incidence of surgical site infection after total hip replacement, acetabular repair, posterior spinal fusion, and prosthetic vascular graft procedures.
New generations of fluoroquinolones, like levofloxacin and moxifloxacin, exhibit a broad-spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and have been successfully introduced into the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. However, it was suggested that resistance to fluoroquinolones has been increasing in the Korean population and the resistance is most likely mediated through point mutation in gyrA. Gemifloxacin (FACTIVE®) is an enhanced-affinity, broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone suitable for once-daily, oral dosing. In vitro studies have shown that gemifloxacin displays potent activity against Gram-positive organisms, whilst retaining good activity against Gram-negative organisms. Gemifloxacin is the most potent member of the quinolone class against S. pneumoniae with activities 16-64 times greater than those of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin and 2-8 times greater than those of moxifloxacin. Importantly, gemifloxacin displays potent in vitro activity against strains of S. pneumoniae with known resistance to β-lactams, macrolides and other members of the quinolone class. This potent activity is believed to be due to the enhanced affinity of gemifloxacin for topoisomerase IV, the major fluoroquinolone target in S. pneumoniae. Furthermore, gemifloxacin displays potent activity against H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis and atypical organisms such as L. pneumophila, C. pneumoniae and M. pneumoniae. It has proven particularly effective in respiratory and urinary tract infection.
The study aims to address the following aims 1. To provide an overview of the epidemiology of the patients who are managed in the Singapore General Hospital for NTM infections. 2. To evaluate the medical care of patients in the institution with regards to the type of medical and/or surgical treatment received and specifically, the antibiotic regime and duration administered. 3. A longitudinal follow up which will allow an assessment of our care and patient outcome in this population cohort