View clinical trials related to Infection.
Filter by:Sepsis is a common cause of morbidity and death in intensive care units. Clinical and laboratory signs of systemic inflammation, including changes in body temperature, tachycardia, or leukocytosis, are neither sensitive nor specific enough for the diagnosis of sepsis. The diagnosis of sepsis is difficult, because clinical signs are unspecific. These signs include tachycardia, leucocytosis, tachypnoea, and pyrexia, which are collectively termed a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). SIRS is very common in critically ill patients, being found in various conditions including trauma, surgery, burns, pancreatitis, post-cardiac arrest syndrome, cardiac surgery. Microbiological culture can be used to distinguish sepsis from non-infectious conditions. However, this method lacks sensitivity and specificity, and there is often a substantial time delay. So these signs can also be misleading because critically ill patients often present with the systemic inflammatory response syndrome without infection. This issue is of paramount importance, since therapy and outcome differ greatly between patients with and those without sepsis; clinicians are often prone to overuse antibiotic therapy being afraid of not treating a potential infection or superinfection. Moreover, the widespread use of antibiotics for all such patients is likely to increase antibiotic resistance, toxicity, and costs. On the opposite, any delay in administration of antibiotics can be extremely detrimental for the infected patient with an exponential increase of the odd ratio for death. Search for early biomarker tools for the diagnosis of infection, initially promising, are quite challenged and controversial nowadays because they can be more related to the inflammation response, irrespective to the insult. Furthermore up to 40% of the infections remain strongly suspected but not bacteriologically documented. Persisting researches are ongoing to find new markers to better discriminate SIRS related to infection process from to SIRS not related to infection. Cytokine profiles using multiplex analysis seems more related to the severity of the SIRS than the trigger of the SIRS (infectious or non infectious diseases). Thus, new tools have been developed to identify bacteria by detecting their DNA by various techniques. These techniques have many potential interests over conventional microbiologic tests by decreasing turnaround time (within a few hours 2-6 hours), reducing inhibitory effects of prior use of antibiotics, detection of slow or fastidious growing organisms. However these tests remain to be validated in a clinical setting. The goal of the current study is to evaluate the diagnostic value of plasma detection of bacterial DNA in ICU patients with a clinical suspicion of bacterial infection.
Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common opportunistic infection among HIV infected persons living in developing countries. Directly observed treatment, short-course (DOTS) is the internationally recommended strategy for the treatment of TB. However, the efficacy of DOTS for the treatment of HIV-associated TB is not well studied. This study aims to compare the efficacy of thrice weekly DOTS in HIV-infected versus HIV-negative patients with TB.
RATIONALE: Diagnostic procedures, such as anal swab collection, digital rectal examination, and anal endoscopy and biopsy, may help find and diagnose anal and genital human papillomavirus infection and squamous intraepithelial lesions and help doctors plan better treatment. PURPOSE: This clinical trial is studying ways to detect anal and genital human papillomavirus infection and squamous intraepithelial lesions in HIV-positive patients enrolled in an AIDS cancer clinical trial.
HIV induced altered representation and function of regulatory T cell subsets (NKT and Treg cells) impair the protective T cell response against M.tuberculosis and disrupts LTBI, thus facilitates faster progression and development of severe forms of clinical TB in HIV-TB co-infection.
The purpose of this study is to determine whether hypochlorous acid is an effective antiseptic agent to prevent surgical site infection.
The purpose of this study is to determine whether NXL104 plus ceftazidime is effective in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections as compared to a comparator group.
The purpose of this phase IIB MedImmune-sponsored study was to evaluate the efficacy of the HPV-16/18 VLP vaccine in the prevention of infection with HPV-16 and/or HPV-18 in adolescent and young adult women. A vaccine that prevents, or even reduces, the incidence of the common types of high-risk HPVs, particularly HPV-16 and HPV-18, could result in significant reduction in the incidence of cervical cancer and cancer-related mortality, as well as a reduction in the incidence of surgical procedures following abnormal Pap smears.
Antibiotics in patients with acute respiratory tract infections in primary care in consideration of procalcitonin as additive parameter. The purpose of this study is to compare the ordinary manner of antibiotic- prescription with the prescription in consideration of procalcitonin-value in patients with acute respiratory tract infections.
The study is a two-arm controlled multi-centre trial of two strategies to reduce nosocomial MRSA transmission and infection among surgical patients. Enrolment and primary analyses will be performed at the hospital level. A total of ten adult surgical departments with at least 3 surgical subspecialties each will participate in the study. Sites of the study are located in 9 countries (UK, France, Spain, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Serbia, Greece and Israel). The primary objective is to determine the effect of an early MRSA detection & decolonization & isolation strategy compared to an enhanced standard control strategy on healthcare-associated MRSA isolation rates among surgical patients at risk of MRSA carriage, who are hospitalized for at least 24 hours.
Safety and Efficacy Study of TG-873870 (Nemonoxacin) in Diabetic Foot Infections