View clinical trials related to Infection.
Filter by:This study will use the licensed HPV vaccine, Gardasil, as a surrogate for an HIV vaccine, in order to explore some of the ethico-legal,psycho-social and logistical challenges involved in running an HIV vaccine trial in adolescents.
A prospective epidemiological study conducted in pediatric hematology oncology center in Hadassah medical center. The study will include all newly diagnosed pediatric cancer patients age 0-18 years admitted with fever during chemotherapy. In each event of febrile episode during chemotherapy, the following data will be collected using a patient data form and computerized software. Demographic data: age, gender, ethnicity. Clinical data: Underlying disease, immunizations, prophylactic antibiotics, presence of central venous catheter, intensity of chemotherapy, duration of fever, duration and severity of neutropenia, diagnosis of present event. Imaging data Microbiological data Outcome The statistical analysis will be performed by an epidemiologist and statistician using the SPSS 12.0 software.
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is commonly used for long term enteral feeding of patients with severe dysphagia. The most common complication is peristomal wound infection. The possible mechanism the bacterial from the oral cavity disseminate during the PEG insertion through the stomach to the abdominal wall, in spite the routine use of antibiotic prophylaxis, have reported low rates of wound infection in patients who were already receiving antibiotics at the time of PEG Our hypothesis that washing the oral cavity with antibiotic solution prior the insertion PEG , We planned a prospective, randomised, double blind, one centre study of antibiotic mouth wash solution (0.2% Chlorhexidine gluconate) as.prophylaxis in PEG
Catheter-related infection, namely exit site infection and peritonitis, is the commonest complication of peritoneal dialysis. This complication causes significant morbidity and mortality in patients requiring peritoneal dialysis. Topical application of mupirocin 2% cream was first proven to be effective in reduction of staphylococcus-related catheter infection in 1990s. Subsequent randomized trial published in 2005 showed that gentamicin cream was superior to mupirocin 2% cream in reducing both Gram's positive and Gram's negative related catheter infection. However, a retrospective report published in 2007 puts the use of prophylactic antibiotic cream into a question. It reported an emergency of non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection in a dialysis center in Hong Kong after practising prophylactic application of gentamicin cream at the catheter exit site. The following prospective, randomized and open-label study aims to find out an optimal regimen of topical antibiotic prophylaxis in patients requiring peritoneal dialysis.
Sepsis is a common cause of morbidity and death in intensive care units. Clinical and laboratory signs of systemic inflammation, including changes in body temperature, tachycardia, or leukocytosis, are neither sensitive nor specific enough for the diagnosis of sepsis. The diagnosis of sepsis is difficult, because clinical signs are unspecific. These signs include tachycardia, leucocytosis, tachypnoea, and pyrexia, which are collectively termed a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). SIRS is very common in critically ill patients, being found in various conditions including trauma, surgery, burns, pancreatitis, post-cardiac arrest syndrome, cardiac surgery. Microbiological culture can be used to distinguish sepsis from non-infectious conditions. However, this method lacks sensitivity and specificity, and there is often a substantial time delay. So these signs can also be misleading because critically ill patients often present with the systemic inflammatory response syndrome without infection. This issue is of paramount importance, since therapy and outcome differ greatly between patients with and those without sepsis; clinicians are often prone to overuse antibiotic therapy being afraid of not treating a potential infection or superinfection. Moreover, the widespread use of antibiotics for all such patients is likely to increase antibiotic resistance, toxicity, and costs. On the opposite, any delay in administration of antibiotics can be extremely detrimental for the infected patient with an exponential increase of the odd ratio for death. Search for early biomarker tools for the diagnosis of infection, initially promising, are quite challenged and controversial nowadays because they can be more related to the inflammation response, irrespective to the insult. Furthermore up to 40% of the infections remain strongly suspected but not bacteriologically documented. Persisting researches are ongoing to find new markers to better discriminate SIRS related to infection process from to SIRS not related to infection. Cytokine profiles using multiplex analysis seems more related to the severity of the SIRS than the trigger of the SIRS (infectious or non infectious diseases). Thus, new tools have been developed to identify bacteria by detecting their DNA by various techniques. These techniques have many potential interests over conventional microbiologic tests by decreasing turnaround time (within a few hours 2-6 hours), reducing inhibitory effects of prior use of antibiotics, detection of slow or fastidious growing organisms. However these tests remain to be validated in a clinical setting. The goal of the current study is to evaluate the diagnostic value of plasma detection of bacterial DNA in ICU patients with a clinical suspicion of bacterial infection.
The purpose of this study is to find out whether the children with respiratory infection and the presence of pathogenic bacteria (S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae or M. catarrhalis) in the nasal middle meatus benefit from antimicrobial treatment.
Objectives 1. To determine the burden and characteristics of rotavirus-associated hospitalizations among children under five years of age of northern Israel 2. To identify potential risk factors of rotavirus infections associated with hospitalizations among Jewish and Arab children younger than five years of age. Methods: Study design: A two-year prospective study and a nested case control study will be carried out Collection of data: Questionnaires will be filled in with demographic characteristics of patients and data on the clinical manifestation of the diarrheal episode leading to hospitalization. Stool specimens will be systematically collected from all children hospitalized because of diarrheal diseases and examined for rotavirus and for bacterial and protozoan enteropathogens. Positive samples for rotavirus will be tested for G and P genotypes. For the nested case control study additional data will be obtained from parents' interviews on variables such as: parents' education, parents' age, parents' occupation, no. of siblings, age of siblings, breastfeeding etc. to identify potential risk factors for rotavirus diarrhea necessitating hospitalization. Data analysis: Methods of descriptive statistics / epidemiology will be applied to determine the characteristics of the burden of rotavirus-associated hospitalizations (the distribution of diarrhea associated hospitalizations by etiology, rates of rotavirus diarrheal diseases in Jewish and Arab children, age specific rates of rotavirus infections, the percentage of hospitalizations due to rotavirus diarrhea by month, etc. For the nested case control study, univariate analysis will be first performed using Student t test for continuous variables and chi square test for categorical variables to study the statistical significance of predictive factors of rotavirus diarrheal diseases necessitating hospitalization. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression models will be performed to study the independent effect of each variable. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI will be computed for each variable. Two tailed p < 0.05 will be considered significant.
Prostate biopsy is usually conducted transrectal, ultrasonography guided. Since the area is not sterile, infection can be induced during the procedure. Prophylaxis antibiotic against gram-negative bacteria decreased significantly the amount of infections. Quinolones are considered preferred treatment but there is already an increase in resistance rates. TMP-SMX can not be used empirically due to a high percent of resistant uropathogens. One of the options is aminoglycosides, especially gentamicin. Advantages: very low resistance rate in the community, high concentration is urinary tract, slow clearance, no resistance developed under treatment, chip and with very few side effects.
We hypothesized that pretreatment nonresponder and responder liver tissue would show consistent differences in gene expression levels and that these differences could be used to predict treatment outcomes and this can obviate the need of the present therapeutic trial.We are interested in conducting a retrospective study using the data of patients suffering from chronic HCV infection who were treated in our department with a combination of PEGINTERFERON and RIBAVIRIN. All these patients underwent liver biopsy prior the treatment. Based on the clinical data available it is possible to determine the responders and nonresponders to this therapy.RNA will be extracted from the liver tissue and the expression of 5 genes(IFI15,IFI616,IFI1,OAS3,OAS2 )will be checked .The prediction power of the combination of these genes in differentiating responders from nonresponders will be determined.