View clinical trials related to Infection.
Filter by:Since other genital infections enhance HIV susceptibility by inducing inflammation, the investigators study the relationship between the vaginal microbiota composition and the risk of HPV infection, cervical cytological abnormalities.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical significance of community-acquired respiratory virus (CARV) infection in patients with lung transplantation;Explore the lung microbiome dynamics within one year after lung transplantation;Find the relationship between lung microbiome and chronic lung allograft dysfunction(CLAD).
Background: Malignant tumors may lead to a catabolic state with loss of muscle and adipose tissue. The full picture of catabolism is termed cachexia and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality of cancer patients. Although the full picture is rarely observed up to 50% of children with cancer suffer from significant malnourishment. Additionally to tumor-induced catabolism, side-effects of chemotherapy may be problematic for the patients. In this regard up to 60% of children suffer from gastrointestinal mucositis presenting with nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation and abdominal pain. In the worst case, mucositis may lead to bacterial translocation with life-threatening inflammatory response. Clinically this may require a reduction of the dosage or the number of chemotherapy cycles resulting in reduced effectivity. Up to now the therapy of mucositis is only symptomatic. Recent research of the applicant has shown a significant reduction of Lactobacilli in mice with neuroblastoma (a malignant childhood tumor). The dysbiosis was associated with catabolism, increased gut permeability and inflammation. Astonishingly, chemotherapy alone also leads to a significant reduction of Lactobacilli compared to sham mice, which may be linked to the development of mucositis clinically. Overall, the intestinal microbiome seems to play an essential role in the development of tumor-associated catabolism and chemotherapy-induced mucositis. Aim: The aim of this project is to determine if the changes in the intestinal microbiome observed in mice can also be seen in children with neuroblastoma. Methods: One part of the study will include 10 children with neuroblastoma (inclusion after verification of the diagnosis) and 10 healthy controls. The fecal microbiome will be determined by 16S-ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA) pyrosequencing. Volatile organic compounds in the breath will be sampled and measured by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy. A basic science human work package will address the question if there are differences. In the second part serial investigations in children with neuroblastoma will assess whether or not these patients show alterations of the intestinal microbiome under chemotherapy.
Surgical site infection (SSI) is the commonest hospital-acquired infection globally, and prevalence is much higher in the low-income countries. Caesarean delivery carries a 5-20 fold risk for developing postpartum sepsis. SSIs cause significant morbidity, prolonged hospitalization and mortality. Simple and inexpensive interventions like preoperative bathing need to be studied, to assess their impact on surgical site infection rates.
Intraabdominal infection require rapid care management including antibiotic therapy and source control. Morbidity and mortality associated with Intraabdominal infections remain high. French recommendations have been edited in 2000 further updated in 2014. Delay in diagnosis and surgery can lead to worsened outcomes. However, little data are available on early community-acquired intraabdominal infections management to identify risk factors of inadequate management.
TEMO-CARB is a phase 3, randomized, controlled, multicentre, open-label pragmatic clinical trial to test the non-inferiority of temocillin versus carbapenem as initial intravenous treatment of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing enterobacteriaceae.
This study aims to evaluate an endodontic treatment protocol using adjunctive steps for disinfection of teeth with primary endodontic infections.
Research Problem: Upper respiratory infections (URIs) are a common reason for absence from schools as it is estimated that children get six to eight episodes every year. In Jazan (2013-2014), 34% of primary health care centre attendees who were complaining of URIs were under 15 years old and 42% of them were positive when tested for viruses by nasopharyngeal swabs. An intervention for URIs prevention is hand hygiene, as it has been shown to have an impact on reducing the risk of respiratory infections by 50% among children in Karachi, Pakistan by encouraging hand washing with soap. Another randomised controlled trial study conducted in Spain among primary school students showed a statistically significant 38% reduction in the absenteeism rate due to URIs in the intervention group who received education about hand hygiene and used hand sanitisers which were distributed among schools. Also, the Chinese conducted a cluster randomised control trial evaluating the effect of a hand washing programme and revealed a 38% reduction in absence due to URIs among primary schoolchildren. This preventive measure is questionable, as a randomised controlled trial done among primary school students in New Zealand revealed that encouraging the use of hand sanitisers in schools did not have an impact on reducing acute respiratory infections or absenteeism. The questionable effect was also documented in a systematic review and meta-analysis for randomised controlled trials about the effectiveness of hand hygiene in decreasing absences through illness in educational settings. Research Significance: Appropriate hand hygiene is recommended as a non-pharmacological preventive measure against respiratory infections. But this preventive measure is questionable as the results of randomised controlled trials about the effectiveness of different hand hygiene interventions in reducing absence due to upper respiratory tract infection in different educational settings are controversial. Furthermore, previous studies of hand hygiene interventions were low in quality and it is recommended to improve future studies relating to it. Also, there is no research on the effectiveness of these measures in Saudi Arabia. So, this piece will add new knowledge to local and international literature. In addition, this study may help the school health administration to develop a hand hygiene programme. Objectives: - To determine if hand hygiene education is associated with school absence rates due to URIs reduction among primary schoolgirls in Riyadh city, 2017-2018 - To measure post-intervention total primary schoolgirl's absence rate (both groups) in Riyadh city, 2017-2018. - To measure post-intervention primary schoolgirls' absence rate due to upper respiratory infections (both groups) in Riyadh city, 2017-2018. Methodology: Cluster RCT will be conducted among primary schoolgirls attending public schools in Riyadh city in the first education semester. Sampling will be multistage to end up with four schools. 616 schoolgirls who are attending the selected classes will be invited to the study. Two schools will be randomly assigned to the intervention, which includes one-hour hand washing workshop at the beginning of the study, in addition to posters. Parents will self-administer the questionnaire at baseline, in addition to a follow-up phone interview questionnaire.
Chlamydia trachomatis is the most commonly reported bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI), especially among young women. Up to 75% of C. trachomatis infected women are asymptomatic. If untreated, C. trachomatis infection can cause sequelae such as pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy and tubal factor infertility. C. trachomatis can also cause anorectal infections, which are typically asymptomatic. Among women with urogenital chlamydial infection, around 36-91% also had concurrent anorectal chlamydial. Notably, there was no association with anal intercourse in the studies that reported it. However, guidelines do not recommend routine anorectal testing, but restricted testing in people who are in high-risk groups, report anal sexual behavior, or have anal symptoms, i.e., on selective indications. This is in contrast to urogenital testing, which is a routine procedure in STI care services. The anal transmission of C. trachomatis in women may occur by autoinoculation from the vagina due to the close proximity of the vagina and the anus. C. trachomatis could lead to a persistent infection in the lower gastrointestinal tract, suggesting the potential role of autoinoculation of cervical chlamydial infection from the rectal site. Such (repeat) urogenital infections could lead to reproductive tract morbidity. Recommended treatments for C. trachomatis infections are a single 1g dose of azithromycin or 100mg of doxycycline 2 times a day for 7 days. Although these two regimens are equivalent for urogenital infection, no study has compared the effectiveness of these two treatments on anorectal infection. If rectal C. trachomatis is a hidden reservoir influencing transmission rates, and considering the potential complications of cervical infections, providing further evidence of the need for effective rectal treatments among women is highly relevant.
Children with clinically diagnosed leukemia may experience occult HBV infection after chemotherapy immunosuppressive therapy, which may affect the normal course of leukemia treatment. However, this is not caused by clinically relevant diagnosis and treatment measures but exists in vivo.