HIV Infection Clinical Trial
Official title:
A Study of the Safety and Survival of the Adoptive Transfer of Genetically Marked Syngeneic Lymphocytes in HIV-Infected Identical Twins
This study will evaluate the safety of giving lymphocytes (white blood cells) containing a
new gene to HIV-infected individuals and will determine how long the cells survive in the
bloodstream. Although the genetically altered cells will not directly benefit participants,
knowledge about the safety, side effects and survival of these gene-marked cells in
HIV-infected patients may lead to new treatment strategies.
Identical twin pairs 18 years of age and older-one infected with HIV, the other
non-infected-may be eligible for this study. Candidates will be screened with a medical
history, physical examination and blood tests.
All participants will have a tetanus booster shot. Non-infected twins will undergo a
procedure called apheresis to collect white blood cells. For this procedure, whole blood is
collected through a needle in an arm vein, similar to donating blood. The blood is separated
it into its components by centrifugation (spinning), the white cells are removed, and the
rest of the blood is returned to the body, either through the same needle or through another
needle in the other arm. The harvested white cells will be grown in culture for
approximately 10 days to 2 weeks to increase their numbers up to 1000-fold. A gene called
NeoR, which is derived from bacteria, will be inserted into the cells, and these gene-marked
cells will be infused into the HIV-infected twin.
HIV-infected twins will be admitted to the NIH Clinical Center for the first cell infusion.
The gene-marked cells will be infused over a 60-minute period through a plastic tube
(catheter) placed in an arm vein, or, if a suitable arm vein cannot be found, through a
special catheter placed into a large vein in the neck or chest. Vital signs (temperature,
pulse, blood pressure and breathing rate), blood oxygen concentration, and urine output will
be monitored regularly for 24 hours. Blood samples will be collected before and after the
infusion to monitor for gene-marked cells. Patients will be discharged the next day. They
will return to NIH daily the first week (from Monday through Thursday) to monitor for CD4
cell counts, plasma viral burden, p24 antigen levels, HIV levels and the presence of the
NeoR gene, and then weekly for the next 5 weeks for these tests and others to monitor blood
and urine chemistry, blood counts and immune function markers.
If the NeoR gene cannot be detected after the first cell infusion, the entire procedure
(donor apheresis, gene marking and infusion of cells) will be repeated twice-about once
every 6 weeks. If the first infusion was uncomplicated, the second and third infusions may
be done on an outpatient basis, with monitoring for 6 hours rather than 24. Six weeks after
the third infusion, tests will be scheduled monthly for 6 months and then yearly for
long-term follow-up.
In addition to the above procedures, patients with a baseline CD4 lymphocyte count less than
100 cells per cubic millimeter of blood will be asked to undergo apheresis periodically to
obtain the most accurate results for determining how long the NeoR gene persists in the
blood. The procedure will be done weekly for the first 6 weeks after each infusion of cells,
then at week 8, and then every 4 weeks until the gene can no longer be detected in the
lymphocytes. The schedule may change, but will not require more frequent apheresis.
This phase I/II pilot project will evaluate the survival, tolerance, safety, and efficacy of infusions of activated, gene marked, syngeneic T lymphocytes obtained from HIV seronegative identical twins on the functional immune status of HIV infected twin recipients. T cells from each seronegative twin will be obtained by periodic apheresis, induced to polyclonal proliferation with anti-CD3 and rIL-2 stimulation, transduced with distinctive neoR retroviral vectors, and expanded 10-1,000 fold in numbers during approximately 2 weeks of culture. These marked T cells will then be infused into the seropositive twins and the survival of the uniquely marked T cell populations will be monitored by vector-specific PCR, while the recipients' functional immune status is monitored by standard in vitro and in vivo testing protocols. A total of 3 cycles of treatment may be given at intervals of 6 weeks between infusions. ;
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