Healthy Clinical Trial
Official title:
Differential Analysis of Uric Acid Metabolism, Endothelial Function, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Parameters in Vegans and Omnivores.
50 vegans and 50 omnivores will be recruited at the Erasme Hospital, Brussels.
Hypothesis
- Relative induced-hyperuricemia by the vegan diet is not associated with impaired
endothelial function if vitamin B12 and folic acid levels are normal.
- Quantification of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) isoforms varies according to the diet.
Omnivores present more xanthine oxidase (XO) than vegans in which the xanthine
dehydrogenase (XD) isoform is more prevalent.
- The vegan group has more favorable oxidant, metabolic and inflammatory profiles than the
omnivore group.
Non-meat eaters rise widely worldwide. This choice answers ideological, ecological or health
concerns. Several vegetarian diets exist and the vegan diet is the most restricted one as it
excludes all animal products, eggs and dairy.
Beside benefits on health and particularly on the cardiovascular system (blood pressure,
weight, lipid profile), some authors described less favorable lipid and oxidative profiles
and others described an impairment in endothelial function markers in 'vegans'. These effects
were attributed to low vitamin B12 and folate levels and high homocystein levels. However,
vitamin B12 supplementation improved these parameters. Epidemiological studies also showed
that 'vegans' disclose higher uric acid levels than other vegetarians or omnivores. Uric acid
acts as an antioxidant in the plasma but can be deleterious for vascular cells leading to
endothelial dysfunction. The main enzyme involved in uric acid metabolism is xanthine
oxidoreductase which exists under two interconvertible isoforms. Xanthine dehydrogenase is
the main form and uses nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as electron acceptor and does
not produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). In contrast, the other isoform xanthine oxidase
uses oxygen as an electron acceptor and produces reactive oxygen species (ROS). The
investigators wish to test the hypothesis that it is not uric acid per se, but which isoform
of xanthine oxidoreductase which alters endothelial function. This is why the investigators
wish to determine if regular 'vegans' (with normal vitamin B12 and folate levels) disclose
increased uric acid levels in the presence of a reduced inflammation, oxidative stress and
improved endothelial function, as compared to matched 'omnivores'.
50 vegans and 50 omnivores will be recruited at the Erasme Hospital, Brussels.
Hypothesis
- Relative induced-hyperuricemia by the vegan diet is not associated with impaired
endothelial function if vitamin B12 and folic acid levels are normal.
- Quantification of oxidoreductase (XOR) isoforms varies according to the diet. Omnivores
present more xanthine oxidase (XO) than vegans in which the xanthine dehydrogenase (XD)
isoform is more prevalent.
- The vegan group has more favorable oxidant, metabolic and inflammatory profiles than the
omnivore group.
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