Healthy Clinical Trial
Official title:
Effects of Acute Specific Grape and Apple Polyphenols Supplementation on Cycling Endurance Performance
Endurance performance during high intensive exercises is mainly determined by the capacity of
the aerobic metabolism. It generally induces muscle fatigue defined as the reversible decline
in skeletal muscle contractile performance. Fatigue is multifactorial and is often associated
with many physiological parameters including reduced neural input and disruptive metabolic
changes in skeletal muscles such as lactic acidosis and the production of oxidative free
radicals. Moreover, it could lead to oxidative stress as a result of an imbalance between
reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and intrinsic antioxidant defense.
To alleviate oxidative stress, some ergogenic strategies have been tested. Numerous studies
have reported that different types of supplementation such as selenium, vitamin E, vitamin C
or polyphenols were of interest to protect against these mechanisms. Indeed, although some
studies demonstrated no or harmful effects, most studies observed positive effects of
antioxidants on oxidative stress or performance. More particularly, polyphenols, have great
antioxidant capabilities and protective effects and it increases the synthesis and
bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO)which is well known to be the most important mediator of
vasodilation. To date, most of the studies exploring the effects of polyphenols on exercise
investigated several days or weeks of supplementations on vascular, blood parameters (blood
pressure, NO concentration, oxidative stress markers) or endurance performance. Conflicting
results are often obtained. Only few studies investigated the effects of a single intake on
immediate performance and recovery capacity. Therefore, the present work aimed to study the
effects of an acute intake of a specific profile polyphenols from grape and apple on physical
performances. More specifically, performance, in the present study, referred to high
intensity cycling exercise until exhaustion revealing the capacity to maintain a constant
strong effort hereafter named endurance. The hypothesis was that an acute of polyphenols
would increase the time to exhaustion during a high intensity cycling exercise.
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