Healthy Clinical Trial
Official title:
L'Expectation Temporelle Dans la Maladie de Parkinson : étude Oculomotrice Psychophysique et Par électroencéphalographie
Although major progresses were realized during recent years, temporal cognition is still
poorly understood. However, abnormal temporal cognition is an underestimated aspect of
several neurological disorders, particularly if basal ganglia (BG) are affected. Therefore,
the interest of studying temporal cognition is double: firstly, it is an essential function
necessary to guide all behavior; secondly, it seems to be very sensitive to the integrity of
dopaminergic pathways. It is well known that Parkinson's disease (PD) is partly due to a
degeneration of neurons producing dopamine in the Substantia Nigra pars compacta (SNc).
Therefore, in this project, PD patients and healthy volunteers will be used as a model to
study the role of dopamine in temporal expectation.
An expectation is an internal representation of an event that is likely to occur in the
future. Temporal expectation builds-up as time elapses before the upcoming event. The role
of temporal expectation in the oculomotor domain has often been studied using anticipatory
eye movements as a tool. Indeed, expectation evokes anticipatory eye movements. However, to
the knowledge of the investigators, expectation and anticipation have so far been studied in
experimental tasks where temporal information is essential but not voluntarily controlled.
This is usually referred to as 'automatic' or 'emergent' timing: the timing of the eye
movement adapts to the timing of the target, implicitly and without voluntary control of the
subject. However, anticipatory movements can also be based on an explicit estimation of
time, e.g. during music playing. In summary, timing can be based on cognitive (explicit) or
automatic (implicit) processing. The originality of the behavioral task the investigators
will use in this study is that it will require an explicit comparison of a memorized
duration with elapsing time in order to anticipate target appearance. In this task,
expectation of the upcoming event will build up on explicit temporal information.
Same PD patients will be tested under treatment ("ON") and without treatment ("OFF") to
determine the effect of dopamine in time expectation . Only levodopa responsive Parkinson
patients will be included and among them only those receiving levodopa and/or dopa agonists
three times daily at a stable dosis since 30 days.
the investigators hypothesize that eye movements latency will not linearly covary with
objective time in "OFF" PD patients. In treated PD patients, a recovery of the linear
relationship between subjective and objective time is expected. This would clearly
demonstrate the role of dopamine in temporal expectation in humans.
n/a
Observational Model: Case Control, Time Perspective: Prospective
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