Healthy Clinical Trial
Official title:
ContraTRAIN - a Validation Study of Contralateral Training Protocols
This study aims to validate the use of contralateral designs in studies of effects of resistance exercise. It will recruit healthy young (18-35 years) individuals, which will be allocated to 4 experimental groups. In two of the experimental groups, 3x10 or 6x10 repetitions of heavy resistance exercise on one leg will be combined with no training of the other leg for 7 weeks. In the third group, 3x10 repetitions of heavy resistance exercise on one leg will be combined with 6x10 repetitions of heavy resistance exercise on the other leg for 7 weeks. In the fourth group, which serves as a control group, a period of no training (similar in length to the training period of groups 1-3; 7 weeks), before both legs will train 3x10 repetitions of heavy resistance exercise in an unilateral manner.
Our understanding of how exercise affects muscular adaptations at the cellular and molecular
level comes from the use of skeletal muscle biopsies. Such studies are met by several
challenges, including its invasive nature, costs of muscle analyses, large inter-participant
variability in response to exercise and a limited number of subjects (related to ethical
concerns regarding exposing participants to biopsies). Consequently, studies often include
small sample sizes, resulting in low statistical power. This poses a great challenge to the
field of exercise physiology. While increasing sample size may not always be feasible,
employing alternative designs may offer a way to increase the statistical power. An example
of such a design is the so-called cross-over design, wherein participants serve as their own
control thereby reducing the inter-participant variation. An interesting variant of the
cross-over design is the unilateral or contralateral exercise model. In such designs, each of
the participant's limbs (e.g. legs) are randomly allocated to perform different types of
training/treatments in close temporal proximity. This design obliterates the need for a
wash-out period and removes the potential effects of confounding factors such as diet,
activity and sleep decreases. Thus, resources, time spent and variability can be reduced.
However, validation of such studies is lacking.
In an effort to validate a contralateral training design, the investigators will recruit
young (18-35 years) healthy individuals to 4 groups performing unilateral progressive
strength training; (1) one leg with no training and one leg with 3x10 maximal repetitions,
(2) one leg with no training and one leg with 6x10 maximal repetitions, (3) one leg with 3x10
maximal repetitions and one leg with 6x10 maximal repetitions and (4) a control group with an
initial period of no training (similar in length to the training period of groups 1-3)
followed by a period of 3x10 maximal repetitions on each leg. Leg training will consist of
one-legged leg press and one-legged knee extensions. All groups, except the control group
(during the no-training control period), will train the upper body by 3x10 maximal
repetitions in bench press and lying rowing. Prior to the 7 week training intervention, all
four groups will go through a 3-week period of familiarization to training and repeated
testing (4 test time points for performance measures).
This design allows us to investigate the benefits of a contralateral design compared to the
more common two-group design, the intra-individual variation vs the inter-individual
variation, the potential contralateral effect of training one leg on the physiology and
functional abilities of the non-trained leg, and whether or not these perspective are
affected by training volume. We will also investigate whether participant classification into
low or high responders is universal across several measures of muscle mass and strength, and
between different training volumes. Further, by measuring several hypertrophy-related
outcomes (e.g. changes in ribosome volume, activation of satellite cells and transcriptional
changes), the investigators will extend previous findings regarding the effects of training
volume on these variables and their ability to predict training outcomes.
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