Healthy Clinical Trial
Official title:
Evaluation of Protein Requirements in Active Children
Nutritional requirements for dietary amino acids in children have traditionally been determined utilizing the nitrogen balance technique, which is prone to underestimating protein requirements. As a result, there is a need to re-evaluate recommendations in order to characterize how dietary amino acid needs may be modulated by physical activity in healthy, active children. The purpose of this study is to measure the protein requirement in children (boys and girls) using the IAAO technique in the presence of a variable intensity exercise stimulus. It is hypothesized that the present study will deem current amino acid requirements to be underestimates of appropriate amino acid requirements for this population.
Provided energy needs are met, the adequate ingestion of dietary amino acids is the most
critical nutritional factor to support the optimal remodeling and deposition of lean body
mass in individuals of all ages, including active youth. Despite the fact that the most
consistent and rapid growth velocities outside of infancy occur during childhood and
adolescence, respectively, there is a paucity of research into the fundamental questions of
how exercise and nutrition (i.e. dietary amino acid ingestion) enhance protein turnover in
these key demographics. Of primary importance is the impact exercise has on the nutritional
requirement for dietary amino acids in concurrently growing youth. This lack of dedicated
research represents a significant knowledge gap for a large segment of the world's
population. Nutritional requirements for dietary amino acids in young adults has
traditionally been determined utilizing the antiquated and often erroneous nitrogen balance
technique, which makes it difficult to adequately define the protein needs of this
population, let alone those of children. In addition, nitrogen balance requires a prolonged
adaptation period, which exposes subjects to deficient intakes for 7-10 days, making it
unsuitable for use in vulnerable populations like children. As a result, there is a need to
establish (in the case of children) recommendations utilizing advanced stable isotope
methodology in order to characterize how dietary amino acid needs may be affected by physical
activity over the critical early years of development.
Studies using the minimally invasive indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) technique have
suggested that protein requirements in young men and children are at least 50% higher than
WHO/FAO guidelines based on nitrogen balance data.
The present study will use, for the first time in active children, the gold-standard IAAO
technique to achieve two major objectives: i) to determine the impact of high levels of
physical activity on protein requirements in active, growing children, and; ii) to determine
whether exercise in adolescence, previously determined in a separate study, alters protein
requirements relative to similarly active children.
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