View clinical trials related to Health Risk Behaviors.
Filter by:This study aimed to examine the effect of core endurance levels on upper extremity function, muscle strength and reaction time in healthy young adults. The "core" region functions as a connection point between the upper and lower extremities and enables the transfer of force from this region to the extremities. This region is a basic structure where the force required for all movements is generated and transmitted from the proximal segments to the distal segments. "Core" stabilization has a significant impact on limb functionality, and stabilization of the proximal segments is necessary to maintain the mobility and function of the distal segments. To establish a stable base during functional activities, the "core" muscles are activated before the upper and lower extremity muscles. This ensures force production and transfer of resulting forces, thus supporting the mobility of the distal segments. Increasing core stabilization increases force production in the extremities, and control of core strength, balance and movement maximizes upper and lower extremity functions. Any impairment in core stabilization reduces the quality of movement and increases the risk of injury to the upper extremity. Therefore, it has been stated that "core" stabilization has a significant effect on athletic performance and upper extremity functions. There are not enough studies in the literature investigating this effect in healthy young adults. Most existing studies focus on the role of core endurance on athlete performance. The aim of this study is not only to investigate core endurance levels in healthy young adults but also to examine the effect of core endurance levels on upper extremity function, muscle strength and reaction time.
Health is a main human right and a need for every human being. However, due to some congenital or acquired reasons, individuals may be disabled and cannot participate in social life at the same level as their normally developing peers. The gradual increase in the world population, the advances in the treatment of chronic diseases and the prolongation of life expectancy at birth, along with the increase in economic, social and psychological problems and deterioration in environmental conditions show that the number of disabled individuals will increase in the future. Diseases caused by the use of tobacco and tobacco products rank first among preventable diseases in the world, and tobacco use is a very important public health problem. Nurses use various models developed as a guide in developing goals for lifestyle change in individuals and in interventions to achieve this. One of the studies they conduct based on the models is smoking cessation. It is believed that the studies to be carried out will strengthen the perceptions of individuals about protecting and improving their health and will guide the way in which the obstacles to smoking cessation can be perceived and resolved more easily. Based on this, it is thought that the smoking cessation study to be carried out by using HBM in visually impaired individuals will draw attention to unhealthy lifestyle behaviors and smoking addiction, which is one of these behaviors. The study was designed experimentally with "pretest-posttest control group". Before and after the planned smoking cessation training given based on HBM, the scores of Fagerström Nicotine Dependence Test and the smoking cessation scale according to HBM and hemoglobin and CO measurement values of the visually impaired individuals will be compared. Statistical package program will be used for coding, statistical analysis and evaluation of the data to be obtained from the study. T-test will be used in independent groups and t-test in dependent groups depending on the distribution features of the data in the statistical analysis. The normality distribution of the data will be evaluated by Wilk's, Kurtosis and Skewness coefficients. In the data distributed normally, non-parametric tests, Kruskal Wallis test or Mann-Whitney test will be used, and parametric tests, dependent and independent groups' t-test in two variables and ANOVA (analysis of variance) will be used in two or more variables.
2 Objectives 1. To explore the noticeability of pictorial health warnings and perceptions of attractiveness and harmfulness towards plain cigarette packets and existing cigarette packets with 85% pictorial warnings in current smokers; 2. to compare the differences in perceptions of packaging in current smokers with different characteristics (i.e. by sex, age, the consumption level of cigarettes, nicotine dependence levels, and types of tobacco used for polytobacco product users); 3. to evaluate the effectiveness in reducing smoking consumption and promoting quit attempts; and 4. to assess the support for the legislation of plain packaging.
The opioid epidemic has become one of America's deadliest crises, surpassing car crashes, firearms, and HIV/AIDS as a leading cause of death for Americans under fifty years of age. People trying to recover from opioid-use disorder face many obstacles. Obstacles such as minor legal problems (e.g., arrest warrants for failure to pay a fine, failure to appear in court, or late child support payments) can undermine the stability needed to overcome opioid dependence. Outstanding legal obligations make it difficult to find jobs and to secure housing. They can result in removal from treatment programs as well as incarceration. Resolving these legal problems requires coordination, organization, preparation, travel, and time-expectations that may be problematic for many people in the early stages of recovery. Technology has the potential to make resolving these legal problems much easier. Online platform technology is now available that can guide people in recovery through the resolution of many legal problems at no cost and without an attorney, potentially doing so quickly, remotely, and at any time of day. This study of individuals in treatment in Michigan tests whether resolving outstanding legal issues improves drug treatment outcomes. The research also examines whether and to what extent resolving legal issues supports family reunification, reduces future criminal behavior, and improves access to jobs and housing for clients in treatment for opioid use disorder. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) is used to determine the effects of resolving legal issues on these outcomes. For identification, the investigators leverage the random assignment of legal services to treatment center clients, along with the random assignment of clients to treatment centers by birth month. We assemble a novel longitudinal dataset of hundreds of clients in treatment for substance use disorder and link these clients to several administrative datasets and qualitative data, which allows for measurement of: (1) substance use behaviors and (2) justice-system involvement, including civil and criminal legal system encounters. This study also uses linked client and administrative data to research the population in opioid treatment centers, follow-up behaviors, and whether the consequences of providing no-cost legal services differ by client background. Findings from this research will improve America's understanding of the acute socio-legal needs faced by those experiencing opioid use disorder and provide recommendations to help target resources toward the areas that best support long-term abstinence from opioids and other drugs.
Waterpipe (WP) smoking has become one of the leading tobacco use methods among youth in Florida. The impact of this dramatic rise is amplified by the mounting evidence of WP addictive and harmful nature, as well as the lag of policy response to it. Evidence suggests WP use leads to nicotine addiction, and increases the risk of lung cancer, heart and respiratory disease and exposure to secondhand smoke. The spread of WP use among youth has been fueled by a misperception of reduced-harm compared to cigarettes. Health Warning Labels (HWLs) represent one of the most successful tobacco control strategies to communicate smoking- related risks, and studies have consistently shown that HWLs are associated with a decrease in smoking rates and smoking-related morbidity and mortality. Therefore, communicating WP risks to young people through HWLs has been identified as a priority by major health bodies in the US including the FDA. Using the Delphi method among international tobacco control experts, our team has developed a set of 12 WP HWLs corresponding to 4 health themes; health risks/addiction, harm to others, WP-specific harm, WP harm compared to cigarettes. Building on this work, and using a mixed- method approach incorporating qualitative and quantitative research, the investigators propose to: Aim 1: Adapt the 12 HWLs to young WP smokers in Florida using exploratory focus groups. Aim 2: Test in a clinical lab experiment the performance of the top 4 HWLs on the WP device compared to no-HWL/control on harm perception, intention to quit, and toxicant exposure (Carbon monoxide (CO), nicotine, oxidative stress). Aim 3: Use the knowledge obtained to advocate for the adoption of WP-HWLs policies and disseminate information about WP harmful effects to young people in Florida and nationally. Communicating WP risks through HWLs promises to reduce WP use and WP-related morbidly and mortality among young adults in Florida. This pioneering work will inform the FDA and public health advocates on the potential of WP-HWLs policies and provide a model for other states to respond to the WP epidemic.
The most successful young adult alcohol or marijuana interventions involve the provision of accurate, nonjudgmental personalized feedback, but notably the inclusion and effectiveness of protective behavioral strategies (PBS) content is inconsistent. Moreover, active components of brief interventions are not well understood, and findings have been inconclusive regarding whether PBS mediates intervention efficacy of college student personalized feedback interventions (PFIs), with only some studies showing evidence of mediation. One possible reason for these findings is that investigators often do not know young adults' motivations for using (or not using) PBS or the quality of PBS use across individuals or across drinking occasions. The proposed study will provide an in-depth examination of which PBS young adults are motivated to use (including implementation quality) and reasons that young adults may or may not use PBS. Understanding why young adults are choosing not to use PBS on specific occasions or do not engage in effective or high-quality PBS use on certain occasions has significant clinical implications, whereby interventions may need to spend more time increasing motivations to use PBS in an effective manner or work on reducing perceived barriers (i.e., reasons individuals are not using PBS). Clinicians may then be better able to work with young adults in various settings to reduce or prevent excessive alcohol and marijuana use and related consequences. The proposed research has high potential for making a substantial impact on the field and public health (particularly as more states permit legal access to marijuana for those over 21) as it will address a problem of high importance (alcohol and marijuana use) by being the first to develop and refine a PBS intervention that specifically focuses on motivations for alcohol and marijuana PBS use and non-use as well as quality of use, which is an overlooked aspect of current PBS-related intervention approaches. The development of more efficacious interventions to reduce the proportion of young adults who engage in excessive alcohol use and who experience consequences is a key priority of the NIAAA. Related, development of more effective interventions to reduce risk from marijuana use is an area of great importance for the NIDA.
Alcohol is contributing to many health problems and disorders, as well as accidents and social problems. Alcohol consumption has been on the rise the past 25 years, especially in Norway. The highest increase is found in older adults, in line with the development in most other countries in the western world. Older adults have a higher risk for alcohol related health problems, due to age related physiological changes, medical conditions and medications. Still, alcohol use is seldom addressed for older people. This means that older people rarely receive help to change alcohol habits. Norwegian health authorities have issued mandates ordering the regional health trusts to implement strategies in somatic hospital wards, mental health services and drug treatment services to identify and treat alcohol and drug problems affecting the patients' health. In this observational study we will explore patient trajectories three years prior to and three years after an admittance to hospital where risky or harmful alcohol consumption is identified and brief interventions are delivered. Hospitals that have implemented such strategies are invited to the study. Patient trajectories are studied in national health registries. This will provide important knowledge on what characterizes the patients identified, and what happens after they have received a brief intervention related to a hospital admittance.