Clinical Trial Summary
Chronic renal failure is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world and in our
country. Hemodialysis is the most commonly used treatment method in the treatment of chronic
renal failure. In addition to its important benefits, hemodialysis treatment causes many
problems such as fatigue, bone and joint pain, insomnia, mood disorders, sexual problems,
paresthesia and nausea. In addition, patient comfort is adversely affected due to physical,
psychosocial and environmental problems in hemodialysis patients. Elimination of symptoms in
hemodialysis patients and ensuring patient comfort are important components of quality
nursing care. For this purpose, it is reported that non-pharmacological evidence-based
approaches such as listening to music, yoga, and exercise are used in the literature.
Although there are studies examining the effectiveness of listening to music, the number of
studies examining the effectiveness of nature-based sounds in hemodialysis patients is quite
limited. It is known that sounds such as bird, ocean, water, wind sound have beneficial
effects on human health in terms of physiological and psychosocial aspects. This project is
to determine the effect of listening to nature sounds during hemodialysis treatment on
fatigue and patient comfort.
Type of Study: The project was planned as a randomized controlled experimental study.
Population and Sample: The population of the study consists of patients who are treated in
the Hemodialysis Unit of Bartin State Hospital. The sample was taken as d=0.80 power=0.90,
α=0.05 and β=0.20, taking into account the data obtained from a similar study, and it was
calculated as 30 patients in the intervention group and 30 patients in the control group, in
total 60 patients.
Inclusion criteria for the study:
- To be receiving hemodialysis treatment for at least 6 months,
- Being over 18 years old,
- Not having a hearing and speaking disability,
- Not have a cognitive disability.
Exclusion criteria from the study:
- Receiving hemodialysis treatment for less than 6 months,
- Do not listen to the nature-based audio application for 30 minutes
- Being under the age of 18,
- Hearing and speech impairment,
- Having a cognitive disability.
Data Collection Tools: Data will be collected using the Descriptive Information Form, Piper
Fatigue Scale and Hemodialysis Patients Comfort Scale.
Descriptive Information Form: In this form, there are 15 questions created in line with the
literature. It consists of two sections containing socio-demographic characteristics and
disease information.
Piper Fatigue Scale (PFA): Piper et al. It was developed by in 1998. The scale consists of a
total of 4 sub-dimensions and 22 items: behavioral sub-dimension (6 items), affective
sub-dimension (5 items), emotional sub-dimension (5 items) and cognitive sub-dimension (6
items). Subscale scores and total fatigue scores are calculated using these 22 items. The
other 5 items are used to calculate the subscales or total fatigue score. There are three
open-ended questions to indicate the cause of fatigue. To calculate the score of the scale,
the average score obtained from the scale is calculated by adding up all the scores of the 22
items and dividing by the number of items.
Hemodialysis Comfort Scale (HDCS): Hemodialysis Comfort Scale Orak et al. It was developed to
determine the comfort levels of hemodialysis patients. The scale consists of a total of 9
items and two subscales: relaxation and coping. The total score evaluation of the scale and
its sub-dimensions is determined by calculating the average score. Cronbach's alpha value of
the scale was found to be 0.87.
Data Collection Process: The researcher will collect data in Bartin State Hospital
Hemodialysis Unit and fill out the surveys using the interview method. while the patients are
during the dialysis session in an average of 30-45 minutes. After the patients registered to
the dialysis center are randomized by block randomization method as intervention and control
groups, the Patient Diagnosis Form and pre-test (Piper Fatigue Scale and Hemodialysis Comfort
Scale) will be applied to the patients before the hemodialysis session. Afterwards, during
hemodialysis, listen with an Mp3 player and headphones (to minimize the effect of surrounding
noise) for 30 minutes. Nature sounds will be played. After the hemodialysis session is
completed, the patients will be given a posttest (Piper Fatigue Scale and Hemodialysis
Comfort Scale) by the researcher.
