View clinical trials related to Encephalitis.
Filter by:Iron deficiency (ID) anaemia (IDA) is a global public health problem, with the highest prevalence in Africa and in South-East Asia. While immunization programs have achieved high global coverage, vaccines often underperform in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). The cause remains uncertain, but undernutrition, including ID, likely plays a role. Our recent in vitro and in vivo studies have shown the importance of iron status in adaptive immunity and vaccine response. Hypoferremia blunted T cell, B cell, and neutralizing antibody responses to influenza virus infection in mice, allowing the virus to persist. Iron deficient anaemic Kenyan women receiving intravenous iron at time of vaccination had a better immune response to the first dose of the ChAdOx Coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) vaccine and yellow fever vaccine. Japanese encephalitis and typhoid fever are endemic in Thailand. Vaccines are available but show variable efficacy. Whether ID impairs adult vaccine response to the live attenuated Japanese encephalitis (JE) and the Typhoid Vi polysaccharide (Vi-PS) vaccine and whether iron repletion via iron fortification improves vaccine response is uncertain. The objective of this study is to assess whether IDA in Thai women impairs immune response to the JE and the Typhoid Vi-PS vaccine and whether fortification iron improves their response. In this double-blind randomized controlled trial, IDA women will be assigned to two study groups: group 1 (fortification group) will receive iron-fortified biscuits (15mg iron as ferrous fumarate) for 56 days; group 2 (control group) will receive non-fortified biscuits for 56 days. All women will receive live attenuated JE and Typhoid Vi-PS vaccine on study day 28. Vaccine response will be measured 28 days after vaccination (on day 56) in both groups.
The goal of this retrospective observational study is to compare brain fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) of patients with autoimmune encephalitis, normal controls and patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The main question it aims to answer is: •is there a specific pattern of brain metabolism in patients with autoimmune encephalitis Participants data and images will be retrospectively collected from hospital records, and FDG-PET images will be analyzed by means of statistical parametric mapping (SPM). Controls will be selected from validated public databases.
The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate the safety and reactogenicity of a VEE DNA Vaccine candidate delivered by either intramuscular or intradermal jet injection. The main question it aims to answer is: • Is the VEE DNA Vaccine candidate safe Participants will: - Receive the VEE DNA Vaccine candidate by either intramuscular or intradermal jet injection - Provide blood and urine samples - Complete ECGs - Complete physical exams - Complete diaries
NMDA receptor encephalitis is a rare neurological autoimmune disease with severe neuropsychiatric symptoms, but a typically good functional neurological outcome. The majority of patients experience long-term cognitive, psychological and social impairments that have significant consequences for their well-being and quality of life. However, as the disease was only recently discovered (Dalmau and al. Annals of neurology, 2007), this psycho-social impact has not been studied systematically and the resulting consequences for patients are not adequately appreciated. The proposed study aims at characterizing the cognitive and psycho-social long-term consequences of this rare disease. Our main hypothesis is that NMDAR encephalitis has a persistent and clinically relevant impact on the patients' long-term cognitive, psychological and social well-being. Furthermore, we hypothesize that longterm subjective outcomes depend on both internal and external factors, such as acute disease course, access to post-acute care, caregiver support, personal coping strategies, or access to health education resources and peer group support.
Cases of encephalitis of varying severity have been described in recent years in eastern France involving tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). The main objective is to demonstrate the presence of TBEV in Limousin, in patients with a positive Lyme serology, or a neurological picture compatible with TBEV.
Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) and paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) are rare neuroimmune syndromes with a wide range of clinical presentation but without pathognomonic clinical sign facilitating the diagnosis. A lot of differential diagnoses are possible such as neurodegenerative diseases or viral infections. Although rare the diagnosis of AE or PNS is essential because despite severe neurological symptoms, patients can be cured by appropriate immunotherapy. Autoantibodies highly specific of AE and PNS has been described in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of the patients and can be used as biomarkers of the disease. Their presence can predict an autoimmune origin and in many cases a good prognosis after immunotherapy. However, if some autoantibodies are now well-characterized and industrial kits have been developed to detect them, in numerous cases of highly suspect AE or PNS no specific autoantibodies are identified leading frequently to an inappropriate treatment. Furthermore, as the mechanisms of AE and PNS is still unknown, treatments are not optimal and in some cases inefficient. There is no prognosis biomarker able to predict the patient's sensitivity to immunotherapy and there are only few clues to know how the immune system can provoke the neuropsychiatric symptoms observed in the patients.
Background: Most people who get COVID-19 seem to recover with no long-term effects. However, some people who recover from acute COVID-19 infections report lingering symptoms. This is called long COVID. Many people with long COVID report symptoms related to the nervous system; these can include problems with fatigue, speech, and memory. Objective: To test motor memory in people with long COVID, compared to healthy volunteers. Eligibility: People aged 18 to 90 years who are also enrolled in study protocol 000089. Healthy adults are also needed. Design: Participants will be screened by telephone. They will confirm they are able to type without discomfort using their nondominant hand. They will confirm they have access to a computer connected to the internet. All study tasks will be done online. Participants will complete 2 tasks in 2 days. Participants will be sent a link to a website. The website will give them instructions. They will place the fingers of their nondominant hand over 4 numbers on the keyboard and type a sequence (eg, 4-1-3-2-4). They will type this sequence as often as they can in 10 seconds. Then they will rest for 10 seconds before repeating the task. They will repeat this pattern for 15 minutes. After they finish the typing task, participants will take a 10-minute questionnaire. They will answer questions about their experiences with COVID-19 and memory issues; they will say which hand they use for tasks such as brushing their teeth or throwing a ball. Participants will get a notice to repeat the typing task 22 hours after they finish the first one. They should complete the second task within 28 hours....
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a zoonosis mainly transmitted to humans by the bite of ticks of the genus Ixodes and, to a lesser extent, by the consumption of contaminated and unpasteurized dairy products. During the last decade, the epidemiology of this arbovirosis has changed profoundly with the discovery of new human cases and/or new areas of circulation of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) throughout Europe and particularly in France. Historically, Alsace is the main endemic area for this pathology in France. The pathology is notifiable since June 2021 in France. Although TBEV infection in children seems to lead to a milder clinical presentation, data are much less abundant than in adults and only a few cases reported in infants under 1 year old have been published. Data from the most recent ECDC Annual Epidemiological Report on TBE (2019) showed incidence rates of approximately 0.2 and 0.5 per 100,000 population in patients younger than 5 and 15 years, respectively. However, several observations may moderate and challenge both the low incidence rate and the less severe clinical presentation reported in children
The purpose of this study is to longitudinally characterize and evaluate changes in synaptic density in the brain using novel positron-emission tomography (PET) scans; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and clinical laboratory markers associated with HIV-related injury in the central nervous system. This study will test hypotheses relating to the presence and mechanisms of aberrant brain structure at the synaptic level in living humans with virologically controlled HIV on antiretroviral therapy. To evaluate associations between PET imaging radiotracers [11C]UCB-J, a ligand for presynaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A), a vesicle membrane protein expressed in synapses, and PET [11C]PBR28 a measure of microglia function in the brain, the Yale PET center has developed an advanced approach of combining multiple distinct ligands in coordinated same-day PET imaging. Additionally, the study will evaluate the associations of this novel synaptic density marker with well-established clinical measures of neurocognitive performance and laboratory measures of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Background and objective From this April, there was a COVID-19 outbreak in Taiwan. The first fatal case of pediatric COVID-19 encephalitis was reported on April 19, 2022 and fatal fulminant cerebral edema in other 4 children with COVID-19 encephalitis was reported within 1 month from Taiwan CDC registry. To date, around 700,000 children got COVID-19 recently. Several children developed MIS-C (multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children)-related shock about 2-6 weeks after COVID-19. Since both COVID-19 associated encephalopathy/ encephalitis and MIS-C are life-threatening, it is urgent to delineate its prognostic biomarker, host genetic factors, immunopathogenesis and viral pathogenesis. Methods Pediatricians will enroll cases of both COVID-19 associated encephalopathy/ encephalitis and MIS-C from several hospitals and medical centers. Their clinical manifestations, lab findings, severity and outcomes will be collected. Clinical assessment of all the systems will be performed. Blood, nasopharyngeal swab and stool will be collected at acute, subacute and convalescent stages for whole exome sequencing, immunopathogenesis including chemokine/cytokine, T/B lymphocyte subset, SARS-CoV2 specific Ab/T/B cell, T and B cell repertoire, viral pathogenesis including multiple viral detection, persistence of fecal SARS-COVID-2 as well as respiratory and gut microbiota. We will establish the animal models for COVID-19 associated encephalopathy/encephalitis and MIS-C, based on the K18-hACE2 or R26R-AGP mouse models established in NTU animal center. Moreover, specific viral or host factors involved in regulating the pathogenesis and immune responses can be investigated, to optimize the protocol for further improvement of the animal models and also to help identify the putative therapeutic targets. Expected results We will delineate the clinical and laboratory characteristics of COVID-19 associated encephalopathy and encephalitis, the role of immune, virology, genetics mechanism in pathophysiology, and will optimize the treatment algorithm based on the result of this study. We also expect that the important biomarkers and risk factors associated with clinical outcome and severity, the immunopathogenesis of MIS-C, host genetic factors and the viral pathogenesis and microbiota associated with MIS-C will be found.