View clinical trials related to Diarrhea.
Filter by:An Ontario-wide study to identify best strategies to promote uptake of high quality, expert developed Clinical Pathways (CPs) within Emergency Departments. The investigators will work with 16 Community EDs across Ontario to i) tailor an implementation strategy that works for each ED, ii) assist with the implementation of one pediatric emergency CP (Asthma or Gastroenteritis) at each site, and iii) evaluate the impact on health professionals, patient outcomes and economic costs. The investigators will conduct a 3.5 - year mixed methods health services research project with four study objectives: 1) to design a theory-based and knowledge user-informed intervention strategy to successfully implement two provincial pediatric emergency clinical pathways into practice in community Emergency Departments (EDs); 2) to evaluate the effectiveness of this implementation strategy; 3) to conduct a process evaluation to assess the implementation strategy; and 4) to conduct an economic analysis to evaluate implementation costs and benefits.
The purpose of this study is to determine whether a medical nutrition product, PTM202, along with standard of care, enhances recovery and reduces diarrhea morbidity in young children
This is a research study about an experimental (investigational) oral Shigella sonnei - Walter Reed S. sonnei (WRSS1). WRSS1 is a live vaccine that is being made to prevent disease from Shigella, which causes bloody, watery diarrhea. Infants and children living in developing countries experience the greatest consequences of this disease. The purpose of this study is to find a dose of the vaccine that is safe, tolerable, and develops an immune response. About 39 healthy adults, ages 18-39, and 48 healthy children, ages 5-9, will participate in this study. Once the vaccine is proven safe and tolerable in adults, then it will be tested in the children. This study will require volunteers to stay in the research facility for several nights for the first dose; they will not be required to stay overnight for the second and third doses. Participants will be assigned to receive 1 of 3 vaccine dose levels by mouth. Study procedures include: stool samples, blood samples and documenting side effects. Participants will be involved in study related procedures for about 8 months.
Background: The incidence of gastrointestinal infections is very high. In Western countries at least 30% of the population suffers from at least one food-borne infection per year. Mostly because of the problem of antibiotic resistance, more emphasis is put on prevention of infections. One of the possibilities is to strengthen human resistance to gut infections by consumption of milk ingredients. Aim: To study whether a milk protein concentrate rich in phospholipids improves the resistance of humans to enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC). Study design: The MIRAGE study is a parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled 4-weeks intervention with a milk protein concentrate rich in phospholipids in healthy subjects of 18-55 yrs of age. Participants will be randomly assigned to the milk protein concentrate rich in phospholipids or placebo group (n=30 per group). Subjects will be instructed to maintain their usual pattern of physical activity and their habitual food intake, but to standardize their dietary calcium intake. After an adaptation period of 2 weeks, subjects will be orally infected with a live, but attenuated, ETEC vaccine (strain E1392-75-2A; collection NIZO food research; dose will be 1010 CFU). Before and after infection, an online diary will be kept to record all food and drinks consumption (2x2 days) to assess the habitual dietary intake. The diary will also be used for daily recording of bowel habits and frequency and severity of gastrointestinal complaints. The following biological samples will be collected: 4x10 ml venous blood, a single fecal bolus (for screening) and 7x24 hrs feces. Blood is sampled for immune response analyses and the fecal samples are collected to quantify several infection- and immune system markers and to verify dietary calcium intake. Saliva is sampled three times before and after infection to quantify immune system markers. Primary outcomes: Fecal ETEC excretion and severity of diarrhea (quantified by fecal output per day). Secondary outcomes: Serum immune response to ETEC, self-reported stool consistency scores and gastrointestinal complaints, relative fecal wet weight.
The purpose of this trial is to clarify the impact of lactobacillus preparation on the incidence of diarrhea in ICU-admitted patients. Almost all patients in ICU are treated with antibiotics for the effective control of various infections. However, antibiotics-associated diarrhea is another matter of concern. Many previous studies were proved that the use of probiotic lactobacillus preparation can reduce antibiotics-associated diarrhea in ward-admitted patients. In this study, we are planning to perform a similar study in severely ill patients in ICU.
Acute respiratory infection and acute diarrhea are among the most prevalent diseases of childhood increase the burden of morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years. Among the possible strategies for its prevention is important to count on good nutritional status for use in developing a good immune response to infections. Zinc deficiency has been shown to favor the development of infections and has been considered a real public health problem. Within the zinc compounds used are zinc amino acid chelate and zinc sulphate, the first that has shown evidence of being better absorbed and tolerated. We propose a study showing the effectiveness of zinc amino acid chelate and zinc sulphate in the prevention of acute diarrheal disease and acute respiratory infection.
This study will use longitudinal data collection to quantify the impact of a school-based water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) program in Mali, West Africa, on pupil absenteeism, diarrheal illness, and respiratory illness. Data will be collected from 100 intervention and 100 control schools across 4 regions in Mali. At each school research staff will randomly select 60 pupils in grades 3-6 (typically ages 7-14). Research staff will ask school directors to provide written consent for pupil participation in place of parents, a procedure that has been approved by the Malian Ministry of Education. Research staff will approach selected pupils at school to request informed oral assent for participation. The informed assent process and data collection will be conducted by local trained enumerators in the child's preferred language of French or Bambara. Oral rather than written assent was chosen due to varied literacy capabilities and to limit paperwork that identifies participants. Data collection will take place at each school once every six to eight weeks during the duration of two school years. Research staff will conduct observations of school facilities, observations of handwashing behavior of children upon leaving latrines, and an interview with the school director about WASH conditions and school enrollment information. None of these school activities collect personal data or identifiers. Data collection with pupils will be done with the same pupils every 6-8 weeks and entails a 5-minute interview asking about recent absence and symptoms of diarrhea and respiratory illness. All data collection will occur at the school, will be conducted by trained local enumerators, and will be stored on password-protected mobile data collection devices. Data will be uploaded to a password-protected server and will not contain personal identifying information. Enumerators will maintain a separate form that links pupil IDs with names, which will be kept confidential. There are no direct benefits other than contribution to general knowledge that will inform future school WASH projects. There are no risks to participation other than a small amount of class time missed by pupils, and great efforts will be made to minimize time outside of class.
Probiotics are commercially available live bacteria thought to have health benefits when ingested. A literature review of probiotic studies in the intensive care unit (ICU) found that in patients who receive probiotics, there is a 25% reduction in lung infection, known as ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). There is also an 18% reduction in the chance of developing any infection in the ICU. However, the studies reviewed were small and not well done. Therefore, whether probiotics are really helpful or not is unclear. Before a large carefully performed study is done to evaluate the effects of probiotics in critically ill patients, a pilot trial is needed. The investigators plan to study the feasibility of such a trial in mechanically ventilated ICU patients in 11 ICUs in Ontario, investigating whether orally ingested L. rhamnosus GG (a common probiotic) prevents VAP and other infections. The 4 goals of the pilot study will be to ensure that we can successfully enrol patients; follow the protocol faithfully; make sure patients don't receive additional probiotics, and estimate how much pneumonia exists in these patients. In a separate substudy, the investigators will evaluate the effects of probiotics on lower lung infiltration with potential harmful bacteria, stool bacteria, markers of immunity called cytokines, and markers of infection called endotoxin levels. The investigators plan to enroll 150 adults admitted to ICU and receiving mechanical ventilation. Following informed consent, patients will be randomized to either L. rhamnosus GG group or an identical placebo. Twice daily, patients will receive probiotics or placebo in a feeding tube. The investigators will record all infections and other important outcomes in the ICU. This study is very important in the ongoing search for more effective strategies to prevent serious infection during critical illness. Probiotics may be an easy-to-use, readily available, inexpensive approach to help future critically ill patients around the world.
Diarrhea in patients with MTC (Medullary Thyroid Cancer) can be debilitating and, in some cases life threatening. Findings in such patients include volume depletion, renal insufficiency, and electrolyte disorders. Diarrhea can also lead to increased cost of care, reduced quality of life, and treatment delays. Not all patients benefit from conventional anti-diarrheal therapy. CASAD is proven to reduce diarrhea in humans and animals. Clays have water-binding effects, increase the absorptive capacity of the intestinal mucosa, and absorb the excess cytokines which are possible mechanisms of diarrhea in MTC. In this study, we will investigate if starting 1 g CASAD three times a day will ameliorate the severity of diarrhea in patients with MTC. Diarrhea in patients with MTC can be debilitating and, in some cases life threatening. Findings in such patients include volume depletion, renal insufficiency, and electrolyte disorders. We hypothesize that adding CASAD 3 grams/day will reduce the incidence and ameliorate the severity of diarrhea in patients with MTC.
This is a research study about an experimental (investigational) oral ETEC vaccine (ACE527). ACE527 is a live attenuated vaccine that is being made to prevent disease from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), which causes watery diarrhea, largely in children living in developing countries and in travelers to those countries. This research study is also testing an investigational adjuvant called dmLT. An adjuvant is something that is added to a vaccine to make it work better. The purpose of this study is two-fold. First, Part A aims to find out if the vaccine by itself or the vaccine combined with the adjuvant is safe, tolerable, and initiates an immune response. Second, Part B aims to find out if the vaccine by itself or the vaccine combined with the adjuvant prevents diarrheal disease when challenged with ETEC H10407. About 60 healthy adults, ages 18-50, will participate in Part A, and they will be required to stay in the research facility for several nights for the first dose, but will not be required to stay overnight for the second and third doses. Participants will be assigned to receive either the vaccine alone, the vaccine with adjuvant, or placebo by mouth. Study procedures include: stool samples, blood samples, and documentation of side effects. Participants will be involved in study related procedures for about 8 months. Interested volunteers from Part A will along with volunteers who were never vaccinated in Part A will return to participate in Part B. These volunteers will be required to stay overnight in the research facility for several nights after challenge, after which they will be treated with antibiotics and sent home. Study procedures include stool samples, blood samples, and documentation of infection with ETEC H10407. If the vaccine with/without adjuvant is effective, the volunteers should not development diarrhea, but if the vaccine with/without adjuvant is not effective, the volunteers will have diarrhea for a few days.