MINDFUL-PC: Integrating Mindfulness Into the Patient-Centered Medical Home

Depression Clinical Trial

— MINDFUL-PC  

Official title:

MINDFUL-PC: Integrating Mindfulness Into the Patient-Centered Medical Home - A Pilot Study

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT02972203
• Other study ID #: IRB number: CHA-IRB-1002/08/14
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: October 2015
• Est. completion date: August 30, 2018

Study information

• Verified date: December 2018
• Source: Cambridge Health Alliance
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Specific aims for this pilot study are:

(Behavioral health outcomes aim): Among primary care patients, compare the effectiveness of an 8-week mindfulness-based intervention (Mindfulness Training for Primary Care[MTPC]) vs. a 60-minute introduction to mindfulness plus referral to community resources on measures related to anxiety, depression, and stress, and self-management of chronic illness.

(Medical Regimen Adherence Aim): Among primary care patients, compare the effectiveness of MTPC vs. 60-minute introduction to mindfulness on the initiation and maintenance of an action plan.

(Patient-Provider Relationship Aim): To examine the effects of level of primary care provider mindfulness training on successful referral to program, patient-provider relationship measures, and on patient action plan initiation and maintenance.

Description:

This project aims evaluate the integration of mindfulness training into the heart of the standard healthcare delivery system.

The investigators and collaborators have developed an 8-week mindfulness-based intervention for primary care called Mindfulness Training for Primary Care (MTPC). MTPC combines common Mindfulness-Based Intervention skills with additional attention to patient/provider relationships, cultural and socio-economic diversity, coping with chronic illness, reducing unnecessary medical care, and encouraging self-management skills acquisition.

This project addresses important gaps in the current mindfulness research and delivery system by evaluating the integration of the novel MTPC model into a system of urban, community, multi-cultural, safety-net Patient-Centered Medical Homes.

In this pilot randomized controlled trial, the investigators compare the effectiveness of 8-week MTPC versus a 60-minute introduction to mindfulness plus referral to community mindfulness resources for primary care patients on behavioral health outcomes of anxiety, depression, stress, and self-management of chronic illness. The investigators are also testing the effect of MTPC on rates of initiation and maintenance of health action plans that patients collaborate on with their primary care provider during study Week 6 . This study also enrolls primary care providers who have participated in various levels of mindfulness training, i.e., 16-hour and 8-week mindfulness-based stress reduction and 10-month mindful communication vs. no training.

Outcome assessments are conducted at baseline and study week 8. An action-planning visit with PCPs occurs at week 6 with follow-up during week 8 (initiation) and interview at study week 24 (maintenance).

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 87
• Est. completion date: August 30, 2018
• Est. primary completion date: August 30, 2018
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Current CHA patient with an enrolled CHA primary care doctor.

• CHA patients 18 years of age and older.

• Able to tolerate and participate in interviews and engage in all procedures.

• Able to give written consent in English OR willing and able to provide consent and complete assessments through a professional language translator when necessary.

• Diagnosis eligible to be covered by insurance for group visits (e.g., anxiety disorder, depression, or adjustment disorder related to chronic illness, pain, etc.).

Exclusion Criteria:

• Any cognitive impairment that precludes informed consent.

• Patients who, in the opinion of the Principal Investigator, pose an imminent risk of suicide or danger to self or others.

• Likelihood of potential incarceration such as a conviction or pending charges that may potentially result in imprisonment.

• Previous enrollment or randomization of treatment in the present study within the 12 months.

• Behaviors that may cause disruption to a mindfulness group.

• Patients with symptoms of psychosis, thought disorder, and/or severe mental illness, including schizophrenia, schizoaffective, bipolar disorder, or a current severe episode of major depressive disorder.

• Lack of insurance coverage for group psychotherapy may preclude participation in groups.

• Patients in their third trimester of pregnancy who foresee conflicts that preclude their commitment to completing all activities.

• Patients with highly unstable medical problems that put them at a high risk of hospitalization.

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Adjustment Disorder
• Adjustment Disorders
• Anxiety
• Depression
• Disease
• Psychophysiologic Disorders
• Stress Related Disorder

Intervention

Behavioral:
• Mindfulness Training for Primary Care
• MPTC is a primary care adaptation that includes core common Mindfulness-Based Intervention (MBI) elements. MTPC is a referral-based, insurance-reimbursable 8-week group psychotherapy delivered primarily by Patient-Centered Medical Home-integrated behavioral clinicians. MTPC groups are 2 hours long for 8 weeks, with a 7-hour day of silent group practice on a weekend. MTPC also emphasizes psychoeducational skills for self-regulation including a collaborative primary care provider (PCP) action-planning appointment during week 6.
• Mindfulness Intro. +resources +waitlist
Control arm: Participants receive a 60-minute introduction to mindfulness group plus referral to a list of community mindfulness resources such as private-pay community mindfulness classes, mobile mindfulness applications, books, and online recordings. These participants are added to a 6-month waitlist for a Cambridge Health Alliance mindfulness-based intervention group. All participants are scheduled to meet with their primary care provider during week 6 for a collaborative action planning visit.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United States	Cambridge Health Alliance Center for Mindfulness and Compassion	Somerville	Massachusetts

Sponsors (3)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Cambridge Health Alliance	The Arnold P. Gold Foundation, The Arthur Vining Davis Foundations

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

References & Publications (12)

Alegría M, Sribney W, Perez D, Laderman M, Keefe K. The role of patient activation on patient-provider communication and quality of care for US and foreign born Latino patients. J Gen Intern Med. 2009 Nov;24 Suppl 3:534-41. doi: 10.1007/s11606-009-1074-x. — View Citation

Benzo RP. Mindfulness and motivational interviewing: two candidate methods for promoting self-management. Chron Respir Dis. 2013 Aug;10(3):175-82. doi: 10.1177/1479972313497372. — View Citation

Chiesa A, Serretti A. Mindfulness based cognitive therapy for psychiatric disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res. 2011 May 30;187(3):441-53. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2010.08.011. Epub 2010 Sep 16. Review. — View Citation

Goyal M, Singh S, Sibinga EM, Gould NF, Rowland-Seymour A, Sharma R, Berger Z, Sleicher D, Maron DD, Shihab HM, Ranasinghe PD, Linn S, Saha S, Bass EB, Haythornthwaite JA. Meditation programs for psychological stress and well-being: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med. 2014 Mar;174(3):357-68. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.13018. Review. — View Citation

Hofmann SG, Sawyer AT, Witt AA, Oh D. The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression: A meta-analytic review. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2010 Apr;78(2):169-83. doi: 10.1037/a0018555. — View Citation

Hölzel BK, Lazar SW, Gard T, Schuman-Olivier Z, Vago DR, Ott U. How Does Mindfulness Meditation Work? Proposing Mechanisms of Action From a Conceptual and Neural Perspective. Perspect Psychol Sci. 2011 Nov;6(6):537-59. doi: 10.1177/1745691611419671. — View Citation

Lorig KR, Sobel DS, Ritter PL, Laurent D, Hobbs M. Effect of a self-management program on patients with chronic disease. Eff Clin Pract. 2001 Nov-Dec;4(6):256-62. — View Citation

Mccubbin T, Dimidjian S, Kempe K, Glassey MS, Ross C, Beck A. Mindfulness-based stress reduction in an integrated care delivery system: one-year impacts on patient-centered outcomes and health care utilization. Perm J. 2014 Fall;18(4):4-9. doi: 10.7812/TPP/14-014. — View Citation

Merkes M. Mindfulness-based stress reduction for people with chronic diseases. Aust J Prim Health. 2010;16(3):200-10. doi: 10.1071/PY09063. Review. — View Citation

Neff KD, Germer CK. A pilot study and randomized controlled trial of the mindful self-compassion program. J Clin Psychol. 2013 Jan;69(1):28-44. doi: 10.1002/jclp.21923. Epub 2012 Oct 15. — View Citation

Schuman-Olivier Z, Hoeppner BB, Evins AE, Brewer JA. Finding the right match: mindfulness training may potentiate the therapeutic effect of nonjudgment of inner experience on smoking cessation. Subst Use Misuse. 2014 Apr;49(5):586-94. doi: 10.3109/10826084.2014.850254. — View Citation

Wiegner L, Hange D, Björkelund C, Ahlborg G Jr. Prevalence of perceived stress and associations to symptoms of exhaustion, depression and anxiety in a working age population seeking primary care--an observational study. BMC Fam Pract. 2015 Mar 19;16:38. doi: 10.1186/s12875-015-0252-7. — View Citation

* Note: There are 12 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Other	Action Plan Assessment (APA-10)	Action Plan Assessment (APA-10) (10 items) - this is a questionnaire to be completed after the PCP Visit, at PT Study Week 6. This 10-item scale evaluates patient behavior in the domains of self-determination, motivation, shared decision-making, and barrier appraisal. Participants are asked to rate their agreement with a statement on a 7-point scale from 1 (Strongly Disagree) to 7 (Strongly Agree).	Week 6
Other	Action Plan Follow-Up Interviews	Action Plan Follow-Up Interviews will be conducted by a blinded member of the MINDFUL-PC study staff at Follow-Up (6-months post-baseline). This staff member will contact patients after 6 months to ask about the status of the specific primary behavior focused on in the action plan. Staff members will rate patient behavior on a scale from -1 (Behavior is worse than baseline) to 3 (Behavior has exceeded the original expectations and other health behaviors have also improved).	Week 24
Primary	Change in Perceived Stress Scale	The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) (10 items) measures the degree to which situations in life are stressful. Items are designed to evaluate how overloaded, unpredictable, and uncontrollable one finds one's life. Each item is scored on a 5 point Likert scale from 0 (Never) to 4 (Very often).	Week 8
Primary	Change in Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System - Anxiety Short Form (PROMIS-ASF)	The Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System - Anxiety Short Form 8a (PROMIS-ASF) is an 8-item scale used to assess patient-reported health status for anxiety. PROMIS instruments are funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and used to reliably and validly measure patient-reported outcomes for clinical research and practice. Participants are asked to rate their experience of the item in the past seven days on a 5-point scale from 1 (Never) to 5 (Always). Ratings from baseline will be compared to ratings from 8 Weeks post-baseline.	Week 8
Primary	Change in Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System - Depression Short Form (PROMIS-DSF)	The Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System - Depression Short Form 8a (PROMIS-DSF) is an 8-item scale used to assess patient-reported health status for depression. PROMIS instruments are funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and used to reliably and validly measure patient-reported outcomes for clinical research and practice. Participants are asked to rate their experience of the item in the past seven days on a 5-point scale from 1 (Never) to 5 (Always). Ratings from baseline will be compared to ratings from 8 Weeks post-baseline.	Week 8
Primary	Change in Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease (SECD-6)	The Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease Scale (SECD-6) is a 6-item scale that is used to evaluate a participant's ability to self-manage care for a chronic disease. SECD-6 asks participants to rate their confidence in their own ability to do certain activities, on a scale from 1 (not at all confident) to 10 (totally confident).	Week 8
Primary	Action Plan Initiation Survey (APIS-5)	Patient self-reported Action Plan Initiation Survey (APIS-5) will be administered at post-treatment (PT Study Week 8). This 5-item questionnaire is adapted from a measure used by Guck et al. In this questionnaire, patients are asked to list their action plan goals generated with their PCP, and determine whether they met or did not meet each goal. For each unmet goal, patients are asked to rate the cause of not meeting the goal on an attributional rating scale using a 7-point format.	Week 8
Secondary	Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)	The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) is a 39-item scale that examines five factors that represent aspects of the current empirical conception of mindfulness. These five facets include: "observing, describing, acting with awareness, non-judging of inner experience, and non-reactivity to inner experience." Participants rate their degree of agreement with each of the items on a Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (Never or very rarely true) to 5 (Very often or always true), with higher scores indicating higher experience of mindfulness.	Week 8
Secondary	Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF)	The short-form Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-SF) is an abbreviated 12-item form of the original 26-item Self-Compassion Scale. The scale is scored on a 5 point Likert scale (1 = Almost never; 5 = Almost always), and negative subscale items are reverse scored.	Week 8
Secondary	Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS)	The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation (DERS) Scale is a 36-item self-report scale designed to assess emotional dysregulation.	Week 8
Secondary	Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA)	The Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA) is a 32-item self-report scale designed to assess multiple aspects of interoception and interoceptive awareness.	Week 8
Secondary	Perceived Control Questionnaire (PCQ)	The Perceived Control Questionnaire (PCQ) is adapted from a 5-item perceived control measure from Jerant et al. and a previously validated survey from Armitage et al. This 5-item scale asks participants to rate their sense of control over chronic illness self-management on a 7-point scale from 1 (None) to 7 (Total).	Week 8
Secondary	Patient Activation Measure (PAM)	The Patient Activation Measure (PAM) is a 13-item scale that is designed to evaluate a participant's ability to be an effective and informed manager of his or her own health and health care. Participants are asked to rate their agreement with each statement on a 0-100 metric where 0 = the lowest possible activation and 100 = the highest possible activation as measured by this set of items.	Week 8