Antidepressant Medication Plus Directly Observed Therapy for Improving Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy

Depression Clinical Trial

Official title:

Depression Treatment to Improve Antiretroviral Adherence

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT00338767
• Other study ID #: R01MH063011
• Secondary ID: R01MH063011
• Status: Completed
• Phase: Phase 2
• First received: June 16, 2006
• Last updated: November 13, 2013
• Start date: January 2001
• Est. completion date: August 2006

Study information

• Verified date: November 2013
• Source: Massachusetts General Hospital
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Health authority: United States: Federal Government
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

This study will evaluate the effectiveness of directly observed therapy plus antidepressant medication in improving adherence to antiretroviral drug therapy among HIV-infected homeless and marginally housed people with depression.

Description:

Antiretroviral drug therapy (ART) is a type of medication treatment for HIV that impairs the virus's ability to multiply. When used properly, it has been shown to be successful in reducing HIV-related deaths. A 95% adherence rate to ART is required to adequately suppress the virus and prevent transmission. Low ART adherence rates are often linked to depression, which is especially common in HIV-infected homeless or marginally housed people. In these cases, treatment with antidepressant medication may be useful in improving ART adherence. Directly Observed Therapy (DOT), in which medication intake is closely monitored, is another method of enhancing treatment compliance. DOT improved treatment adherence during the tuberculosis epidemic of the 1990s, and is now gaining recognition as a model for improving ART adherence. This study will evaluate the effectiveness of combining DOT and antidepressant medication in improving ART adherence among HIV-infected homeless and marginally housed people with depression.

Participants in this 9-month, open-label study will be randomly assigned to a treatment group or a control group. The control group will be given the phone number of the University of California, San Francisco AIDS Health Project (AHP) to call and make an appointment with a psychiatrist. Participants who attend appointments will be evaluated to determine their mental health status. Participants who are deemed to benefit from treatment will be scheduled for regular appointments at the AHP, but will be responsible for administering their own medications. The treatment group will meet with a study psychiatrist, who will prescribe an appropriate antidepressant medication. Subsequent meetings with the psychiatrist will occur weekly for the first 3 weeks, and then monthly for the duration of the study. Additionally, participants will have DOT visits every weekday morning for 1 month to take their antidepressant medications. After the first month, DOT visits will occur weekly or biweekly, depending on the medication regimen. If an individual does not attend a visit, study staff will try to locate the individual in the neighborhood to deliver the medication. Medication for the weekend will be prepared by study staff, but participants will take it on their own at home. For the last 2 months of the study, DOT visits will occur once monthly, at which time participants will receive their entire month's supply of medication.

Participants in both groups will be asked to report to the study site weekly for 6 months and then monthly for the final 3 months to provide an update on the status of their housing, healthcare providers, case managers, and HIV medications. Additional interviews about housing, income, use of health services, drug use, sexual practices, and mental health will occur at the beginning of the study and three more times throughout the study. Blood tests will be performed monthly to assess viral load, and every 3 months to assess CD4 count. Participants taking HIV medications will be visited by study staff at home once a month so that use of HIV medications can be determined. At the end of the study, participants in the control group may continue receiving treatment at the AHP. Six months after the end of the study, participants in the treatment group may also begin treatment with a psychiatrist at the AHP.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 150
• Est. completion date: August 2006
• Est. primary completion date: August 2006
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: Both
• Age group: 18 Years and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Homeless or marginally housed

• Score of greater than 13 on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)

• DSM-IV diagnosis of major depressive disorder, dysthymia, or minor depressive disorder

• Considered by the reviewing psychiatrist to benefit from antidepressant therapy

• Willing to take antidepressant medication or, if currently taking medication, willing to change medications if deemed appropriate

• Consents to coordinate with the primary medical provider

• Speaks English

Exclusion Criteria:

• Signs and symptoms consistent with diagnosis of dementia, as defined by DSM-IV

• Current substance abuse disorder requiring immediate residential or inpatient treatment

• At risk for suicide

• Presence of signs and symptoms consistent with psychotic depression, as defined by DSM-IV, warranting immediate hospitalization

• Any condition or use of any medication that may make simultaneous use of antidepressant medication unsafe

• Currently prescribed antidepressant therapy and in psychiatric treatment (treated by a psychiatrist within 3 months prior to study entry)

• Pregnant

• Bipolar disorder

• Current psychotic disorder

Study Design

Allocation: Randomized, Endpoint Classification: Efficacy Study, Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment, Masking: Open Label, Primary Purpose: Treatment

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Depression
• HIV Infections

Intervention

Behavioral:
• Directly Observed Therapy (DOT)
DOT includes storefront directly observed therapy of prescribed anti-depressants. Participants will meet with a study psychiatrist, who will prescribe an appropriate antidepressant medication. Subsequent meetings with the psychiatrist will occur weekly for the first 3 weeks, and then monthly for the duration of the study. Additionally, participants will have DOT visits every weekday morning for 1 month to take their antidepressant medications. After the first month, DOT visits will occur weekly or biweekly, depending on the medication regimen.

Drug:
• Fluoxetine
Medication treatment includes flouxetine for treatment of depression.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United States	UCSF Market Street Study Site	San Francisco	California

Sponsors (2)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Massachusetts General Hospital	National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Improved depression scores		Measured at the end of 9 months	No
Secondary	HIV viral load		Measured monthly for 9 months	No
Secondary	CD4 Count		Measured at baseline and Months 3, 6, and 9	No