There are about 3150 clinical studies being (or have been) conducted in Pakistan. The country of the clinical trial is determined by the location of where the clinical research is being studied. Most studies are often held in multiple locations & countries.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is the 3rd leading cause of mortality and 7th leading cause of ill-health worldwide. It is characterized by persistent and progressive air flow resistance with expiratory flow more compromised as compared to inspiratory flow leading to CO2 retention and prominent hyperinflation of lungs. The overall effects of COPD on the patient's entire body include pulmonary, followed by extra-pulmonary manifestations in which musculoskeletal derangements are more pronounced and interfere with daily activities, further deteriorating the patient's health. Restricted air flow leads to an increase in shortness of breath on slight exertion and early fatigue or exhaustion of respiratory muscles due to over work. Literature from the past describes how COPD care has advanced and emphasizes the value of pulmonary rehabilitation in addition to medicinal management to treat decadence. Many studies show that Inspiratory muscle training has positive effect on ABG's, some PFT's and diaphragmatic function. Endurance and strength training improve patient activity of daily living and dyspnea. This study intricate the collation of Respiratory Muscle Training and Aerobic Interval Training on functional performance, exertional dyspnea and fatigue level in patients diagnosed with COPD. A randomized controlled trial will be integrated with the sample size of 53 patients which is calculated through epi-tool. Age of selected Patients will fall between 30-55 years and will be randomly assigned into 2 groups. Group A (Experimental group A) will get Inspiratory breather training along-with Aerobic Interval Training, Group B (Experimental group B) will get Expiratory muscle training along-with Aerobic Interval Training (Same Protocol). Data will be gathered from Pulmonology wards and OPD of selected hospital. Clinical Assessment will be incorporated through Karnofsky performance scale, Fatigue Severity Scale, MmRC Dyspnea scale, Digital Spirometer, and 6MWT. Pre-intervention assessment measures and Post-intervention measures will be noted and results will be compared. Study Duration will be of 06 months after approval of synopsis. Data analysis will be done through SPSS. Key words: Aerobic Interval training (AIT), The Breather Device (BD), 6-min walk test (6MWT), Fatigue severity scale (FSS), Modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale (mMRC), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).
Fixed orthodontic treatment affects the periodontium by allowing plaque accumulation on teeth if the oral ecosystem is unfavorable which initially causes gingivitis to progress into periodontitis, and later enamel demineralization occurs. Yáñez-Vico et al observed that regular modifications per checkups were painful and unpleasant for the patient thus the patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatments compromised their oral hygiene. This creates plaque retention sites which can lead to developing white spot lesions, caries, and periodontitis
The goal of this pilot randomized controlled trial was to examine the feasibility and acceptability of an ehealth antenatal coparenting intervention (eACoP) in primiparous Pakistani women. The secondary purpose of the study was to see the effectives of the intervention in prevention postpartum depression in women. Two hundred and twelve primiparous couples were randomized into an intervention or a control group from the Aga Khan University Hospital. Couples were randomized using consecutively numbered sealed envelopes. Couples in the intervention group received the eACoP intervention during pregnancy, consist of eight online videos in addition to the standard care provided at the center. Both the intervention group and control group received standard care.
Helicobacter pylori infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. More than 50% of the global population is estimated to be infected. In 2015, there were approximately 4.4 billion individuals with H pylori infection worldwide. In Pakistan the prevalence of H. pylori infection, highest (63%) in middle age (41-60 years) group while lowest (33%) in teens and pre-teens (<20 years) group. In young age (20-40) and old age (>60 years) groups, the prevalence of H. pylori was 55% and 60% respectively. In conventional system of medicine H. pylori infection is treated by triple regimen antibiotic therapy that are amoxicillin, clarithromycin and metronidazole along with acid reducing proton pump inhibitor. Due to recurrence of infection this therapy is repeated multiple times resulting in drug resistance and long term side effects. These side effects & a long term impact of H. pylori in patient general health necessitates development of a safe and long term effective therapy.
The study aims to investigate the effects of a combination of Lamaze breathing exercises and backside massage on the labor experiences of primigravidae in Pakistan. Labour pain, if left unaddressed, can lead to abnormal labor, hence the importance of effective pain management techniques. Lamaze breathing techniques are non-pharmacological methods aimed at psychologically and physically preparing mothers for drug-free childbirth. Backside massage therapy is another non-invasive intervention that can help to reduce pain and anxiety during labor. The study will involve a randomized controlled trial with two groups: an intervention group receiving backside massage and Lamaze breathing along with standard labor care, and a control group receiving only standard labor care. Primigravidae between 26 to 34 weeks of gestation without chronic diseases or pregnancy-related complications will be recruited from antenatal departments. Eligible participants will be randomly allocated to either group to minimize bias. The backside massage therapy intervention will be administered by trained massage therapists. Outcome measures include level of labor pain and anxiety levels, maternal stress hormone levels (adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, and oxytocin), maternal vital signs, fetal heart rate, labor duration, APGAR scores, and maternal satisfaction and self-efficacy. The sample size of 90 participants (45 in each group) has been determined to achieve a 95% power level with a 5% error rate, accounting for a 20% attrition rate. Data analysis will employ mixed-effect regression models, time series analyses, paired t-tests, or equivalent non-parametric tests to assess between-group and within-group outcome measures. The study aims to provide valuable insights into the efficacy of combining Lamaze breathing exercises and backside massage therapy as complementary interventions for managing labor pain and anxiety among primigravidae in Pakistan, potentially reducing the need for medically unnecessary cesarean sections and improving maternal and neonatal outcomes.
• To determine the effects of Elastic Band Exercises on Chest Expansion, Forward Head Posture and disability
The study aims to compare the effects of neuromuscular training and mobilization with movement on pain, range of motion, function, and disability in professional athletes with ankle sprain. Neuromuscular training focuses on improving neuromuscular control and stability, while mobilization with movement aims to restore joint mobility and function. By investigating the outcomes of these two interventions, the study seeks to provide insights into their effectiveness for managing ankle sprains in professional athletes.
Upper cross syndrome is relative prevalent 67% musculoskeletal disorder among general population due to increased usage of smart gadgets and poor postural habits. Upper cross syndrome is known for initiating malfunction of cervical and upper back muscles also associated with respiration. Individuals with upper cross syndrome may present with relaxed supine positioning, they may having normal respiratory mechanics but might be converted to accessory muscles activated pattern. Neck pain is the most common type of pain in non-traumatic conditions, affecting about 75.7% of people. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of segmental and pursed lip breathing exercises on pain, functional disability and quality of life in population with upper cross syndrome. Current study will be randomized controlled trial conducted at Ismail Medicare Jhang, 40 patients according to inclusion criteria will be included in the study. They will be allocated into 2 groups by non-probability purposive sampling technique. Group A (control group) will receive conventional physical therapy treatment (hot pack, electrical stimulation, myofascial release, ROM and strengthening exercises) while Group B (experimental group) receive conventional physical therapy treatment with segmental and pursed lip breathing exercises. Outcome measures are Pain Numeric Scale, Quality of life (SF 36) and Functional disability (neck disability index). These tools will measure neck function and neck pain intensity. Treatment time will be 4 weeks, 3 sessions per week, each session will be 45 minutes long, and measurements will be taken after 4 weeks. Data will be analyzed by SPSS version 25. After assessing normality of data by Shapiro - wilk test, it will be decided either parametric or non-parametric test will be used within a group or between two groups analysis. Key Words: Breathing Exercises, Cervical Pain, Disability, Upper Cross
Constipation is Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections. Patients complaining of constipation may mean different things by the term The frequency of their bowel actions may be less than 'normal', their stools maybe difficult to pass, or they may have a sense of malaise or abdominal discomfort which they attribute to a 'sluggish bowel', though the stool frequency and consistency are apparently normal. Objective of this study is to compare effects of Abdominal massage. withTENSonparasacralversussacralareaonsymptomseverityandqualityoflifein severechronicconstipationamongyoungfemales.
Calf pain is a common complaint among runners of all ages but is most frequent in masters athletes. The most common calf injury is a tear of the medial gastrocnemius muscle (Tennis Leg) but other structures including the lateral gastrocnemius, plantaris and soleus also may be the cause of muscular pain.There are multiple techniques for the management that involves loading the strained calf musculature through rest, taping techniques, and appropriate soft tissue massage techniques, modalities such as dry needling or western acupuncture can be popular amongst runners and may also be useful. Progressive loading is a principle of resistance training exercise program design that typically relies on increasing load to increase neuromuscular demand to facilitate further adaptations whereas Athletic performance is based on a number of skills that can be developed through a sports conditioning program. This particular program focuses on improving both muscular strength and power using a technique called post-activation potentiation (PAP), also commonly referred to as complex training.