Optimised Pacing Program

Congestive Heart Failure Clinical Trial

— OPT-pace  

Official title:

Stratified Management of Patients With Pacemakers

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Active, not recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT01819662
• Other study ID #: NIHR-CS-012-032
• Status: Active, not recruiting
• Phase: Phase 3
• Start date: August 1, 2013
• Est. completion date: February 28, 2019

Study information

• Verified date: December 2018
• Source: University of Leeds
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Permanent pacemakers are a common treatment for slow heart beats. In the UK 300,000 people have a pacemaker, and each year another 36,000 receive them. All of these patients are usually seen yearly to have their device checked. However, pacemaker technology is now very reliable, batteries last well over 5 years, and many patients require their pacemaker only occasionally as a back-up. Each visit costs around £200 such that pacemaker follow-up cost the NHS around £50million per year. Most visits involve checking the battery and the leads which, in the absence of symptoms might be unnecessary.

Pacemaker patients are at risk of developing other problems including heart failure which puts them at higher risk of hospitalisation and death. For those under follow-up, no mechanism exists to identify whether they might have heart failure, and for those receiving new implants, it is unclear which will go on to develop heart failure. Also, whether optimal heart failure treatment with a multidisciplinary team reduces the chances that they will be hospitalised is also unproven.

Our study therefore has three main aims: 1) based on pacing indications and patient factors, to identify which patients are likely to develop complications and therefore which patients could be seen less frequently; 2) to validate and refine a simple risk score to help identify which patients in pacing clinic should undergo screening for heart failure; and 3) to establish whether such screening and subsequent optimisation of those with heart failure is clinically and cost-effective for reducing hospitalisation and death.

Description:

Permanent pacemaker implantation is a safe, life-prolonging and cost-effective treatment for bradycardia. An estimated 300,000 people in the UK have a pacemaker and there are 36,000 new implants per year. Complications from pacemaker implantation occur in 5-15% of patients, mostly in the first six weeks. After six months new problems are very rare. Clinic follow-up of patients with a PPM usually occurs at six weeks, three months and then annually to monitor battery performance. Reprogramming is rarely required, and batteries reliably last at least five years. The tariff for pacemaker follow-up is £200 costing the National Health Service (NHS) £50 million per year.

The commonest and most under-recognised long-term complication of pacemaker implantation is pacemaker-related chronic heart failure (CHF) due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction, seen in up to 50% of patients. Published data examining the incidence and associations of pacemaker-related cardiac dysfunction consist of retrospective cross-sectional analyses or data taken from other studies rather than a-priori planned analyses. Our unique pilot data in almost 500 patients show that cardiac dysfunction is present in 40% of all pacemaker patients and confirm previous suggestions that it is more common in patients with an underlying predisposition, for example cardiovascular co-morbidities (including diabetes mellitus), with high rates of pacing and atrial fibrillation. Our data also demonstrate that patients with cardiac dysfunction and a pacemaker are not usually taking optimal medical therapy for their heart failure and suffer a 13% annual combined heart failure hospitalisation or death rate (compared to 6% in pacemaker patients without cardiac dysfunction, and ~8% in patients with CHF attending the Leeds Integrated Heart Failure Service). However, since patients with pacemakers were often excluded from the large studies of medical (and device) therapy of CHF, it is unclear whether optimisation of medical (and pacemaker) therapy in patients with pacemaker-related cardiac dysfunction can reduce mortality and hospitalisation. Pilot data from our clinic in 25 patients with a pacemaker and CHF, show that optimised medical therapy can lead to similar improvements in cardiac function as in CHF patients without a pacemaker.

The present project therefore includes three distinct, but closely related, work packages which will answer three questions;

1. in patients receiving their first pacemaker, which clinical and pacing variables predict short, medium and long-term complications and is it therefore feasible, safe and cost-effective to individualise follow-up intervals;

2. can we confirm and validate our previous observation that a model consisting of simple clinical and pacing variables identifies pacemaker patients at higher risk for cardiac dysfunction during a pacemaker-follow-up appointment and;

3. does applying our risk model with subsequent optimisation of medication and pacemaker programming within a multidisciplinary heart failure service in those with heart failure lead to cost effective and clinically relevant reductions in mortality and hospitalisation?

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Active, not recruiting
• Enrollment: 1793
• Est. completion date: February 28, 2019
• Est. primary completion date: October 1, 2017
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: All
• Age group: 16 Years and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Pacemaker implantation

Exclusion Criteria:

• Dementia, unwilling to fill in quality of life questionnaires, unwilling to sign consent form

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Congestive Heart Failure
• Heart Failure
• Pacemaker Complication

Intervention

Other:
• Enhanced standard management
Echocardiogram followed by letter to GP about results.
• Optimised heart failure management
Echocardiogram followed by referral to comprehensive heart failure service for those with left ventricular dysfunction
• Standard management
Usual care

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United Kingdom	Bradford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust	Bradford	Yorkshire
United Kingdom	Harrogate Hospital Foundation Trust	Harrogate	Yorkshire
United Kingdom	Leeds General Infirmary	Leeds

Sponsors (2)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
University of Leeds	National Institute for Health Research, United Kingdom

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United Kingdom, 

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Other	Predictors of cardiac dysfunction in pacemaker patients	Who will develop cardiac dysfunction after permanent pacemaker implantation? Who under follow-up has cardiac dysfunction and how can it be identified?	1-3 years
Primary	Combined hospitalisation and mortality		3 years
Secondary	Predictors of complications from pacemaker implantation		3 years