View clinical trials related to Communicable Diseases.
Filter by:Published data by the Organización panamericana de la Salud shows that Peru's mortality rate from acute respiratory infections (ARI) in infants less than one year of life is second only to Haiti (14,150/100,000). Government data reports shows a marked increase of RSV infections in Peru. "Instituto Nacional de Salud" (Peru's National Institute of Health) reports between January 1st to February 26th 2006, 62% of their positive samples corresponded to RSV. Epidemiological data from Lima-Peru, demonstrates that there is no specific season for RSV infection although some data suggest an increase in RSV activity during cold months (May to September; INS data). Clinical studies show that giving five doses of Synagis (palivizumab) resulted in serum concentrations > 30 ug/mL for >20 weeks. The aim of this post-marketing observational study is to determine the RSV hospitalization rate in high-risk infants who received Synagis (palivizumab) through the Social Security Hospitals in the context of routine clinical practice.
This cluster-randomized prospective study will evaluate the effect of hygiene-based intervention strategies on the incidence of overall SSTI and MRSA-associated SSTI among military trainees. The proposed interventions used singly or in combination include standardized training and education, and weekly chlorhexidine showers.
This is a study clinical, multicenter, Phase III trial, to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tolnaftate cream in the treatment of patients with fungal infections such as Tinea foot, Tinea and Tinea crural body.
This is a multicenter, randomized, evaluator-blinded, comparator-controlled study. Participants were to be randomized (1:1) to daptomycin or comparator, stratified by degree of renal impairment (creatinine clearance [CLcr] 30 - 50 milliliters per minute [mL/min] [moderate impairment] and <30 mL/min [severe impairment]) and by type of infection (bacteremia and complicated skin and skin structure infections [cSSSI]) to create 4 cohorts defined as follows: - Cohort 1: Bacteremia and CLcr <30 mL/min - Cohort 2: Bacteremia and CLcr 30 - 50 mL/min - Cohort 3: cSSSI and CLcr <30 mL/min - Cohort 4: cSSSI and CLcr 30 - 50 mL/min Participants will be treated and evaluated for safety and microbiological and clinical efficacy in accordance with their type of infection and degree of renal impairment. Peak and trough samples will be collected to assess exposure to daptomycin for participants on Day 1 and following the 5th dose.
This study will test the role of high dose vitamin D supplementation in prevention of acute respiratory infection in older nursing home residents. The investigators hypothesize that residents on high dose vitamin D supplementation will have a lower incidence of acute respiratory infection that those on standard dose vitamin D supplementation.
RATIONALE: Antimicrobial solution comprising trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, edetate calcium disodium, and ethanol may help prevent blockages and infections from forming in patients with central venous access catheters or peripheral venous catheters. PURPOSE: This randomized trial is studying an antimicrobial solution or saline solution in maintaining catheter patency and preventing catheter-related blood infections in patients with malignancies.
Hypotheses and Specific Aims: The continued emergence of antibiotic-resistance in the outpatient setting underlines the need to responsibly manage antimicrobial prescribing. It is in this context that we seek to test an effective strategy for reducing the inappropriate use of antibiotics in primary care office practices. Our overall objective is to identify an effective and efficient strategy for decreasing the contribution of primary care clinicians to the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in the community and to disseminate widely those strategies found to be effective and sustainable. We hypothesize that implementation of a clinician decision support system, with an active education component, will reduce the inappropriate use of antibiotics in primary care office practices. Our hypothesis is based on the premise that most inappropriate prescribing is the result of multiple factors that include difficulty in distinguishing a benign, self-limited viral infection from a more serious bacterial infection; overdiagnosis of a bacterial infection in cases where there is clinical uncertainty as to the true nature of the illness; and constraints on the time available for clinicians to explain to patients the nature of the illness and the reasons an antibiotic is not indicated. The focus of this proposal will be to compare the impact of clinical decision support and active education to no intervention for enhancing the appropriate use of antimicrobials for common outpatient infections. In this randomized control trial, primary care providers participating in the intervention arm will receive active education coupled with the implementation of a clinical decision support tool, while providers in the control arm will have no intervention. At the end of the study, providers in the control arm will receive a thorough analysis of their antibiotic prescribing patterns and suggested opportunities for improvement, as well as access to the intervention tools once the study has ended. Our interdisciplinary team will integrate novel methods in implementation science with clinical and laboratory expertise in infectious diseases, antimicrobial stewardship, primary care, information technology, performance improvement, health services research, and biostatistics. The Specific Aims are constructed to validate our hypothesis in the primary care setting by demonstrating two results of our intervention strategy: 1. Reduced use of antibiotics to treat conditions for which those drugs are known not to be effective 2. Decreased prescribing of broad-spectrum antibiotics to treat common bacterial infections. The degree of impact in terms of prescriptions per 100 visits for each targeted outpatient infection will be compared with active education and clinical decision support versus no intervention. The study will be able to measure the value of clinical decision support with active education that will inform future efforts in disseminating outpatient antibiotic stewardship interventions.
The fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in expired air is a reliable measure of airway inflammation and has been used as a marker in asthma and other respiratory illnesses such as primary ciliary dyskinesia, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), liver cirrhosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis (CF). Although, some exquisite bench research experiments have demonstrated stimulation of nitric oxide production in respiratory epithelial cells infected with RSV, there is a paucity of clinical data regarding levels of feNO in viral respiratory illness and specifically RSV. The investigators conducted a pilot study from the fall of 2007 until October of 2009, looking at FeNO levels in RSV infected patients and compared it to non-RSV viral infections. The investigators recruited a total of 28 RSV positive and 1 RSV negative subjects, as well as 4 control subjects. The investigators found FeNO values not statistically significant between the study group (the two-tailed p=0.09, considered not quite significant), but there was a trend of higher FeNO values in the non-RSV group when compared to the RSV group. A larger sample may detect a statistically significance between these 2 groups. Objectives: i. To determine if the fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (feNO) is elevated in hospitalized pediatric patients with viral lower respiratory illness when compared with normal subjects without respiratory symptoms. ii. To determine if there is a difference in feNO level between RSV and non-RSV infection in hospitalized pediatric patients with viral lower respiratory illness. Method of feNO measurement utilized the offline options for preschool children & infants appropriate for age as described in the 2005 Joint Statement of the American Thoracic Society & the European Respiratory Society when discussing tidal breathing techniques with uncontrolled flow rate. The investigators plan that our sample sizes for the RSV+ and control groups will be, by design, three times as large as the RSV- group. In order to achieve 80% power, the investigators will then require 45 control and 45 RSV+ patients, and 15 RSV- patients
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of long-term treatment with clarithromycin in patients with Non-tuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Infections.
This was a multi-center, multi-national, double-blind, randomized, comparator-controlled study of plazomicin administered intravenously compared with levofloxacin, a standard approved intravenous therapy for complicated urinary tract infection (cUTI) and acute pyelonephritis (AP).