View clinical trials related to Communicable Diseases.
Filter by:There is an unmet need to evaluate the impact of sub-clinical/mild COVID19 disease in the outpatient setting on prevalent and incident renal injury, as this data is currently unavailable. To capture the diversity of race/ethnic risk and COVID19 related municipal shelter-in-place guidance, the investigators will enroll COVID19-negative and COVID19-positive samples balanced by race/ethnicity from 3 different states, California, Michigan, and Illinois. Study endpoints will be assayed from urine samples mailed to the study team at 2, 6, and 12 months after their date of PCR test, with no requirement for these individuals to leave their homes to participate.
This single-arm, open-label small interventional proof-of-concept (POC) study study aims: 1. to assess the clinical outcomes of patients exhibiting viral respiratory infection (VRI) symptoms and seeking primary healthcare (PHC) services at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic, 2. to assess the clinical effectiveness of the Cretan IAMA (CAPeo), a herbal extract combination, for these patients, including in terms of symptom resolution (symptom frequency, duration) and intensity), and 3. to investigate its prophylactic effect in terms of transmission prevention for people cohabiting with the patients exhibiting VRI symptoms.
Over recent years there has been a lot of research looking at how the bacteria in our gut affects our health. Some medications are known to cause changes in gut bacteria. Many patients that are prescribed iron report gastrointestinal side effects. This research project aims to see if the cause of the gastrointestinal side effects is due to iron causing changes in the gut bacteria. This can be detected via measuring the levels of hydrogen and methane and other compounds in the breath and stool.
Background: Worldwide, more than 50 million children under 5 years of age are wasted (weight-for-length/height Z-score (WLZ) <-2) and over 150 million children under 5 are stunted (length/height-for-age Z-score (LAZ) <-2); such wasting and stunting often begin during infancy.1 Optimal nutrition can prevent wasting and stunting. Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is widely recommended by community health workers, doctors and nurses and provides optimal nutrition for most infants. However, early growth faltering is common for infants in low and middle income countries (LMIC) and can both increase an infant's risk of early mortality and also lead to deficits in attained height and weight throughout childhood. Thus research is needed to determine the most efficacious strategy to promote healthy early growth in LMIC. Objective: The proposed study will test the efficacy of early small-volume supplementation (ESVS) for increasing weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) at 1 month of age. Methodology: The PRIMES pilot (Study 3) will be a randomized clinical trial enrolling infants in Guinea-Bissau and Uganda weighing ≥2000g at birth. Infants weighing 2000-2499g at <6 hours of age (n=144; 72 per site) will be randomized on enrollment to one of two groups: 1) Early Small-Volume Supplementation (ESVS intervention group), which consists of up to 59 mL formula administered daily after breastfeeding through 30 days of age followed by EBF through 6 months of age; or 2) frequent exclusive breastfeeding without any food or fluid other than vitamins, minerals and medications (control) through 6 months of age. Infants weighing 2500-3300g at <6 hours of age will be weighed again at 4 days of age; those weighing <2600g at 4 days of age (n=180; 90 per site) will be randomized to the same intervention and control groups. Weight will be measured on all enrolled babies at birth on Day 1 and at 4, 14, 30, 60 and 180 days of age and additional measures including height, MUAC, skinfolds, and hemoglobin will be assessed at other time points. The study's primary outcome will be WAZ at 1 month of age. Secondary outcomes will include WLZ at 1 month of age; WAZ, WLZ and LAZ through 6 months of age; breastfeeding duration and infant intestinal microbiota.
A sufficient number of subjects will be entered into testing to complete 42 subjects per each of the 2 test and 2 control configurations. A total of 84 subjects, testing bi-laterally (168 abdomen and groin sites in total completed, 42 abdomen and groin sites per each test and control material) will be evaluated using the standardized ASTM E1173 test method. Following a 14-day restriction period, subjects will be sampled for baseline, 10 minutes, 6 hours, and 24 hours post application (subjects will not be sequestered) for microbial reduction evaluations. Test day baseline criteria will be set at: abdomen: ≥ 3.0 log10 CFU/cm2, and groin: ≥ 5.0 log10 CFU/cm2.
This national study will recruit expectant mothers with and without positive nasopharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2, and aims to determine the seroepidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 amongst expectant mothers and their infants in the U.K.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of intravenous sulopenem and oral sulopenem etzadroxil/probenecid in adolescent patients.
Among Enterobacteriaceae, the production of beta-lactamases (ESBLs) is the leading cause of multi-resistance. The first cases of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (E-ESBL) infections were described in the 1980s and subsequently experienced worldwide dissemination. Since the turn of the century, the prevalence of E-ESBL infections, especially among Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) has increased dramatically. The emergence of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae is currently a real public health problem. The European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network evaluated, among clinical strains, the rate of resistance to 3rd generation cephalosporins (C3G) at 9.5% for E. coli and 28% for K. pneumoniae. Numerous studies have shown that bacterial colonization is the prerequisite for the occurrence of many infections. However, the existence of prior colonization does not seem to be the only risk factor for the occurrence of a secondary infection. Therefore, in patients with multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacillus gastrointestinal carriage there appear to be factors associated with the onset of infection. Several studies have examined the risk factors associated with E-ESBL-related infections in both community-based and healthcare-associated / nosocomial infections. Two main risk factors seem to be associated with E-ESBL infections: prior antibiotic therapy and the existence of invasive devices. A recent study, carried out on 1288 patients and aimed at validating a predictive score for the occurrence of ESBL-E bacteremia, demonstrated 5 factors associated with the appearance of E-ESBL-linked bacteremia. These factors were: (i) a history of colonization / infection with ESBL-E, (ii) age ≥ 43 years, (iii) recent hospitalization in a region with a high prevalence of ESBL-E, (iv) antibiotic therapy ≥ 6 days in the previous 6 months and (v) the existence of a chronic vascular access. Recently, a retrospective case-control study conducted in the United States by Augustine et al. Suggested that 5% of cases of bacteremia were related to ESBL-E. Few studies have looked at risk factors for infection in patients known to be colonized by the digestive system. In a retrospective case-control study, conducted outside the intensive care unit and including pediatric and adult patients, the authors identified 2 factors associated with the occurrence of Ec-ESBL infection in previously colonized patients. These two factors were the prior use of antibiotics with β-lactam antibiotics and β-lactamase inhibitor (s), and urinary catheterization. In intensive care hospital patients, the occurrence of ESBL-producing enterobacteriaceae infection appears to be a rare event, including in colonized patients. The work of Ruppé et al. showed a direct link between relative fecal abundance of EScher-producing Escherichia coli and prior antibiotic intake. This work also demonstrated a link between the value of the relative fecal abundance in Ec-ESBL and the occurrence of a urinary tract infection linked to the same clone. In particular, the authors found that women with a low relative fecal abundance rate (≤ 0.1%) had no risk of developing an Escherichia coli urinary tract infection. Conversely, the risk increased with the relative fecal abundance of Escherichia coli, but with a positive predictive value limited to 57% for relative fecal abundances between 10 and 100%.
COVID-19, the coronavirus responsible for the pandemic that began at the end of 2019 in China, spreads through respiratory droplets and direct contact. The most common symptoms of the disease include fever, cough, asthenia or myalgia, wheezing and headache, and the most serious complication is acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The new coronavirus has continued to spread to multiple countries and continents so much so that the epidemic was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Interest (PHEIC) by the World Health Organization (WHO) on January 30, 2020. In the first phase of emergency worldwide, characterized by high morbidity and mortality, scientific interest has been mainly directed to the study of the transmission mechanisms of the infection, diagnostic tools and therapies for ARDS, especially in elderly and co-morbid patients. Interest has rapidly spread to other categories of patients and in particular to pregnancy, on which the virus could impact in different ways, with consequences for both the mother and the fetus. A recent systematic review that included all published reports on Coronaviruses (COVID-19, SARS, and MERS) in pregnancy showed that preterm delivery is the most frequently reported adverse event in these women, and that COVID-19 is associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia and caesarean section. Nonetheless, the limited sample size, the main inclusion of cases reported for acute respiratory symptoms, the lack of information on previous pathologies potentially capable of complicating pregnancy, do not allow for the extrapolation of strong evidence on the course of infection in pregnancy. Therefore, the current status of the scientific literature does not allow for general and wide-ranging implications. THe investigators therefore believe it is particularly useful to investigate maternal and fetal outcomes in this new broader scenario, including all pregnancies associated with asymptomatic or symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, found in any gestational period, in order to evaluate in a "real world scenario" "Actual rates of maternal-fetal and neonatal adverse events
The purpose of this study is to collect information that will help the reasearchers learn more about COVID-19 infections in cancer patients, and to find out about the effects of these infections on cancer treatment and outcomes. The research study involves asking people to complete a series of online questionnaires that include questions about their medical history, lifestyle, and risk factors related to the COVID-19 infection. The study will enroll both MSK patients and their household family members.