View clinical trials related to Bacteremia.
Filter by:Streptococci group B (GBS) is a the major reason for morbidity and mortality in neonates. It can present as pneumonia ,meningitis or sepsis.The mortality today is 5-20% and even more in preterm babies. During the past two decade, the introduction of protocols for prophylactic antibiotics for women with a high risk for GBS infection, have led to a decline of 65% in GBS cases(0.32 for 1000 live birth compared to 1.8 cases in 1000).The purpose of the study is to check the morbidity and mortality at Sheba medical center in the last 12 years in children with positive blood culture for GBS. We assume that in our hospital the morbidity and mortality is less then expected. If proven right, we would then check the reasons for that outcome considering the type and length of treatment and the different virulence of the streptococcus.
The purpose of this study is to investigate why some people develop life-threatening infections caused by the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, while other people do not. It is possible that the infectious ability of the bacteria can determine whether an infection develops and its severity. The investigators will look at old blood and nasal specimens collected from 1000 adults who had S. aureus infections and who were hospitalized at Duke University Medical Center. Previously collected health information regarding these patients and the specific bacterial traits in the samples will be studied. Eventually this information may be used to help treat and prevent S. aureus infection.
The purpose of this study is to review medical records at MEDVAMC in order to relate the outcome of bacteremic MRSA infection to the antibiotics selected for treatment.
The purpose of this study is to analyse bacteremia induced by debridement of pressure ulcers in patients in the complex nursing department.
More than 80 patients at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center have been infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, lacking susceptibility to all commercially available antibiotics except "colistin". This antibiotic was developed in the 1960s and preliminary pharmacokinetic studies were performed at that time. Dosing recommendations, on the basis of these pharmacokinetic studies, are listed in the drug's product information. However, there are no dosing recommendations for patients requiring renal replacement therapy (either intermittent hemodialysis or continuous venovenous hemofiltration). Furthermore, the science of antibiotic dosing ("pharmacodynamics") has changed significantly since the 1960s and it is quite possible that the dosing recommendations listed in the product information are not optimal. Furthermore, even though physicians refer to "colistin" administration, the only intravenous form of the drug is colistin methanesulfonate (CMS). CMS is converted in the body to colistin. Both CMS and colistin have different pharmacokinetic and antimicrobial activities. For this reason, we, the investigators at the University of Pittsburgh, are performing a pilot study of the pharmacokinetics of intravenous CMS/colistin in patients requiring this antibiotic for clinical purposes. Plasma concentrations will be determined around a CMS/colistin dose once the drug has reached steady state. Concentrations in pulmonary epithelial lining fluid will also be determined in patients with pneumonia. Microbiologic and clinical endpoints will be determined and will be correlated with these concentrations. The measurement of CMS and colistin levels will be determined by a laboratory in Australia which developed these assays. A submission is being made to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for funding of a multicenter study which will address this research question with a greater sample size. The study proposed here is a pilot study in order to prove the feasibility of the research approach and to provide preliminary data for the NIH proposal.
Hospitalized patients at least 18 years of age, with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) will be enrolled into the study and receive one dose of Aurexis® intravenously on Study Day 1, and will be followed until Study Day 57. Aurexis is a humanized monoclonal antibody that is designed to combat Staphylococcus aureus. The purpose of this study is to assess the safety and pharmacokinetics of standard antibiotic therapy, plus Aurexis or Placebo for treatment of (SAB). Additionally, certain tests and measurements will be conducted to preliminarily determine if Aurexis demonstrates any benefit to these patients.
The aims of this study are to: - Determine the risk factors for multidrug resistance in bloodstream isolates of Gram negative bacilli - Determine the mechanisms of multidrug resistance in bloodstream isolates of Gram negative bacilli - Determine the risk factors for failure of prompt clearance of the blood of Gram negative bacteria - Determine the survival of patients with Gram negative bacteremia - Determine if failure of prompt clearance of the blood of Gram negative bacteria is a predictor of mortality following this infection
Pharmacokinetics is the study of the disposition of drugs in the body, while pharmacodynamics considers the interaction of the drug at the site of infection over time. Mathematical models of antibiotic pharmacodynamics are sometimes used to predict if antibiotic doses are sufficient to treat infection with organisms of different minimal inhibitory concentrations of the antibiotic. Based on these models, there has been speculation that the antibiotic cefepime dosed at one gram every 12 hours, is insufficient to kill all organisms within the "susceptible" range. This study of patients treated with cefepime will involve the collection of blood to determine cefepime concentrations, and determine if those concentrations are effective in killing the bacteria at the site of infection.
All surgical procedures carry with them the risk of infection. Even a minor infection can extend the hospitalization after cardiac surgery. The average minimum increase in length of stay for a single infection is three days. One of the many means used to reduce post-operative infections is the preventative, or "prophylactic", administration of antibiotics just before and just after surgery. Because antibiotics, and for that matter surgery itself, alter the body's natural immune and inflammatory responses and the makeup of the bacteria in the intestine, there is a great deal of scientific interest in using the supplementation of bacteria that naturally reside in the intestine. It is felt that by doing so, the alterations in the immune response may be corrected and the patient better able to fight infections. There are studies using probiotics that have demonstrated a reduction in infection rates in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Subjects will be patients at high risk for infection including those with any one or more of the following characteristics: over 65 years old, poor heart function (ejection fraction <40), diabetes (insulin dependant or non-insulin dependant), peripheral vascular disease, kidney dysfunction (creatinine level >2mg/dl), obesity (body surface area > 2 m2), low serum protein levels (albumin < 2.5 mg/dl), infection of the heart valve (endocarditis), or on any antibiotics other than standard prophylaxis before surgery. The safety of these products has been very well established. Patients who consent to enter the study will receive the synbiotic mix, or a placebo, which comes in a powder that may be mixed with a drink, or washed down into the stomach through the NG tube if the patient is still on a ventilator. Dosing will be initiated within four hours of patient arrival in the Cardiac Surgery Intensive Care Unit and will continue on a twice daily basis for the duration of their admission days. Infection and diarrhea data will be monitored.
This is a randomized 2-arm study to compare two different times of giving the drug vancomycin. Half of the patients will begin vancomycin two days before a bone marrow transplant. The other half will get it as soon as they have the first fever. Streptococci are bacteria that live in one's mouth and gut. These bacteria can escape into the blood when the lining of the mouth and gut weakens from cancer therapy. This can make the person who is undergoing a bone marrow transplant very sick. All patients who get this infection are treated with antibiotics. Vancomycin is one drug that is used to treat this bloodstream infection once it is diagnosed. Studies have shown that giving vancomycin before a bone marrow transplant seems to prevent this infection. However, giving vancomycin too soon may increase the chance that the kidneys will be irritated. It may also increase the chance that other bacteria will become resistant to this drug. We, the investigators at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, do not know if waiting to start vancomycin until the patient has a first fever can also prevent this infection.