Asthma Clinical Trial
To address the problems of disparities in asthma care and morbidity by examining the influence of environmental/genetic factors and stress on the development of asthma.
BACKGROUND:
Asthma is a serious chronic condition affecting over 14 million Americans, but the
prevalence rates are higher in certain populations (e.g. 10 percent in inner-cities and 30
percent among the homeless vs. 5 percent in a general population of whites). African
Americans and Hispanics from the Northeast are twice as likely to die from asthma as whites.
African Americans are four times as likely to be hospitalized for asthma and are five times
more likely than whites to seek care for asthma at an emergency department. Reasons for
these higher rates are not certain, and most likely result from an interaction of risk
factors such as environmental exposures, genetic predisposition, access to appropriate
medical care, socioeconomic status, and cultural health practices. The National Heart, Lung,
and Blood Institute supports a variety of activities to address the pressing public health
problems posed by asthma. However, progress in reducing disparities has been disappointingly
slow. Separate, independent research projects have generated important clues for
understanding the nature and scope of the problem. A more coordinated, interdisciplinary and
comprehensive approach to research is needed to take advantage of these clues, move the
science further and faster, and increase our capacity to improve health outcomes among
minority and economically disadvantaged populations. Cooperative centers of research that
foster partnerships among minority medical centers, research intensive institutions, and the
communities in which asthma patients live will promote such advancement.
The Request for Applications for the Centers for Reducing Asthma Disparities was released in
October, 2001. The objective of the program is to promote partnerships (called Centers)
between a minority serving institution (MSI) that may not have a strong research program and
a research intensive institution (RII) that has a track record of NIH-supported research and
patient care. The purpose of the partnership is to conduct collaborative research on asthma
disparities (i.e. greater prevalence of asthma, higher rates of morbidity due to asthma, and
lesser access or use of quality medical care among minorities and poor).
DESIGN NARRATIVE:
The Center for Reducing Asthma Disparities involves partnership between researchers at
Harvard University (Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and the Harvard
School of Public Health) and a network of Boston-area Community Health Centers (CHCs)
affiliated with the non-profit community-based organization CCHERS (Center for Community
Health Education, Research and Service). Broad specific aims are: 1. Conduct a community
needs assessment to assess differences in perceptions about asthma etiology, disparities,
and effective treatment between community representatives, Community Health Center patients,
and Community Health Center providers. 2. Determine the role of socio/environmental
exposures (psychosocial stress, indoor allergens, cigarette smoking and diesel-related air
pollutants) on asthma onset through study of a prenatally enrolled birth cohort. 3.
Determine the role of genetics in modifying the risk of the social/physical environment by
concurrent assessment of the following genetic factors thought to influence immune
development and airway inflammation in early life: stress (corticosteroid regulatory genes,
adrenergic system regulatory genes), diesel exhaust and smoking (biotransformation genes),
indoor allergens (cytokine pathway genes). 4. Use a quasi-experimental design to evaluate
the effectiveness of the research, training, and outreach components of the project in
leading to significant changes in the ability of particular stakeholders to design and
implement sound asthma intervention strategies. 5. Develop training programs at Harvard that
provide masters and predoctoral students as well as postdoctoral fellows with experience and
expertise in Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) focused on reducing asthma
disparities. 6. Develop training and information dissemination materials for health center
staff and community members (especially caregivers of children with asthma). The Center for
Community Health Education, Research and Service will take the lead in implementing Specific
Aims 1, 4 and 6, while the Harvard group will take the lead on Aims 2, 3 and 5. In addition
to building needed infrastructure to support partnership-based research and interventions
aimed at reducing health disparities, this proposal has the potential to make significant
contributions to the scientific literature with respect to health disparities and asthma.
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